Question 1

​What do I do if my dog has separation anxiety?

Anna Tilley · Accepted Answer

Dogs form strong bonds with animals and people with whom they live. Most dogs can cope with separation from family members for a few hours. Some feel anxious, stressed, even panicked when left even for a few minutes.

Signs your dog may be suffering from separation anxiety

Anxiety when you start to get ready to leave (panting, hiding, trembling, don't want to eat)
Damage to your front door, back door or windows (door you leave from)
Injure themselves (bleeding paws, broken teeth, bleeding from mouth)
Refuses to eat when you're not home, even high value treats (eats them when you come home)

See your veterinarian if you suspect your dog is suffering from separation anxiety

Never punish your dog when she is anxious. She is not destroying things on purpose. Separation anxiety is a type of illness that is highly treatable with a combination of medication and behaviour modification (behaviour therapy). Your veterinarian can help determine whether your dog has separation anxiety or another condition.

Training options

While undergoing treatment it is best not to leave your dog alone in the place he usually feels anxious.

Take your dog to work if possible
Walk him frequently and have water available in a spill-proof bowl
Leave him with a sitter or at doggie daycare
Have someone stay at home with the dog

Learn more about how you can deal with Separation anxiety - Preventing and reducing dog anxiety when alone (PDF). Dog waits for their owner to come home

Question 2

​Do you recommend pet insurance?

Anna Tilley · Accepted Answer

Yes! In fact, Petsecure Pet Health Insurance provides a complimentary six-week trial of pet health insurance with every dog and cat adoption. With pet health insurance, you can lower the stress of paying for large, unexpected or unplanned expenses with a monthly premium. Packer, a twelve-week-old kitten, rests in his kennel. He is wearing a cone and has a leg injury, which requires amputation.

Packer, a twelve-week-old kitten, rests in his kennel. He is wearing a cone and has a leg injury, which requires amputation.

Question 3

How can I make my cat/kitten's first visit to the vet a good experience?

Anna Tilley · Accepted Answer

Make your cat or kitten's visit to the vet as stress-free as possible. Start with treats and a favourite towel, and take your time getting him or her out of their carrier. To learn more tips, read our care sheet (PDF) and watch our video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=derFQqlA3I4

Question 4

​How can I tell if my cat is sick?

Anna Tilley · Accepted Answer

Sometimes it's hard to tell if your cat is sick or injured. The signs that she's sick might not be obvious. Cats have evolved to try and conceal when they are sick. Watch for the signs below and call your vet if you're not sure. Make sure your cat has regular vet exams to prevent illness. Cute ginger coloured cat lying down on cat perch post looking into lens

Cute ginger coloured cat lying down on cat perch post looking into lens

Signs of illness in cats:

Hiding, decreased energy, or other behavioural changes
Changes in grooming patterns
Changes in litter box usage (going outside the box, straining, etc)
Increase or decrease in appetite or drinking
Weight loss or weight gain
Changes in sleeping patterns
Bad breath
Sitting hunched over
Obvious illness or injury: vomiting, diarrhea, coughing, sneezing, wounds, limping etc.

https://youtu.be/wSoAdqtjQGk

Help a shelter cat receive a health check:

Question 5

​How can I make my dog/puppy's first visit to the vet a good experience?

Anna Tilley · Accepted Answer

The veterinarian’s office doesn’t have to be a scary place for your dog or puppy. Treats, a towel and plenty of petting can help. Not to mention lots of love!

Learn more about taking your dog to the vet and helping them learn it isn't a scary place, watch our video:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hmVforF8xQw

Question 6

​How will spaying or neutering help my pet?

Anna Tilley · Accepted Answer

Spaying or neutering your dog, cat or rabbit doesn't just help prevent accidental litters. It also has health and behavioural benefits for your pet. Tired happy dog lying down on side with eyes closed outdoors being given a belly scratch rub

Tired happy dog lying down on side with eyes closed outdoors being given a belly scratch rub

Benefits of spaying and neutering your pet

Generally, neutering decreases aggressive behaviours in pets

Neutered dogs are calmer and less likely to bite, attack or get into dog fights.
Neutered cats and rabbits don’t have the drive to mark and protect their territories and are less likely to spray or get into fights, resulting in fewer injuries.

Spaying ends the heat cycle in females

Heat cycles are usually twice a year for dogs, and result in many unwanted behavioural changes including possible aggression.
Cats generally go in and out of heat every three weeks between January and November.
Female cats in heat can howl relentlessly, may try to escape to mate, spray or urinate inappropriately and attract unwanted male cats.

Spaying and neutering lowers the chance of reproductive health problems

Studies show that spayed/neutered pets, on average, live longer.
Spaying eliminates the risk of ovarian and uterine cancer and pyometra (life-threatening infection of the uterus) in dogs, cats, and rabbits. Up to 80% of unspayed rabbits will develop uterine cancer.
Spaying reduces the risk of mammary cancer in cats, dogs, and rabbits.
Neutering eliminates the risk of testicular cancer in all species and lowers the risk of prostate problems in male dogs.

Spaying and neutering eliminates the drive to reproduce

The likelihood of your male pet wandering away or escaping will be decreased.
Male dogs can smell a female in heat up to a kilometre away.
Once neutered, your pet will be less frustrated and may become a calmer companion.

Spaying and neutering provides an opportunity to have other important procedures performed

Other procedures, as necessary, can also be done at the time of the operation.
This includes procedures such as an identification tattoo or microchip, teeth cleaning, hernia repair and baby teeth removal.

Spaying and neutering prevents accidental pregnancies

Research shows that the majority of cat pregnancies are unintended.
Pregnancy is hard on the mom physically. Prenatal care, birth complications, and puppy/kitten care can be costly.

Happy relaxed black cat wearing a collar and id being held by woman

Spaying and neutering helps your community

Research shows that, as an individual, you help reduce overpopulation issues in your community when you spay or neuter your pet.
Spaying and neutering your pet helps reduce the number of stray or unwanted animals in your community.
Reducing the amount of stray animals helps prevent other pets and wildlife from being injured or killed in fights.
Fixing your pet helps lessen the amount of stray animals getting into or causing car accidents, getting into garbage cans and damaging property.

Learn how fixing your cat helps combat the cat overpopulation problem and how you can take action in your community.

But aren't there also some risks to spaying and neutering?

Yes, any surgical procedure carries some risks. However, the overall benefit outweighs the risk for most animals. Talk to your veterinarian about the best choice for your pet.

Risks of surgery and anesthesia include pain, bleeding, infection, the incision opening up, or a bad reaction to the drugs used.
Spaying and neutering removes reproductive hormones from your pet's body. This has many benefits but also has minor effects on bone development and other body systems.
Several recent studies show higher rates of some bone and joint problems and cancers in purebred dogs spayed and neutered as puppies. These studies have attracted a lot of attention.
The studies involved small numbers of dogs who were already predisposed to the problems being studied because of their breeds. More research is needed to understand these risks.
If you are concerned about risks of spaying and neutering, don't just consult the internet. Talk to your veterinarian about what is best for your pet.

Happy mixed breed dog lying down being pet by smiling woman

I still have questions about spaying and neutering

Shouldn't a female cat/dog have a litter before being spayed? Will spaying/neutering change my pets personality? Will my pet become fat/lazy once it is fixed? What does spay or neuter mean? When should my cat/dog/animal be fixed? What does it cost to spay/neuter my cat/dog/animal? Find out more about the benefits of sterilizing your pet and how February is spay/neuter awareness month. kitten looking up from cat tree

Question 7

What does spay or neuter mean?

Anna Tilley · Accepted Answer

"Spaying" and "neutering" are surgical procedures used to prevent pets from reproducing. In a female animal, "spaying" consists of removing the ovaries or uterus and ovaries. The technical term is ovariectomy or ovariohysterectomy. For a male animal, "neutering" involves the removal of the testicles, and this is known as castration. In addition to preventing unwanted offspring, spaying or neutering has many health and behavioural benefits to the animal. A happy dog outdoors on grass being pet by a smiling girl

A happy dog outdoors on grass being pet by a smiling girl

Question 8

​What does it cost to spay/neuter my cat/dog/pet?

Anna Tilley · Accepted Answer

If you are adopting your cat, dog or rabbit from the BC SPCA, spay/neuter is included in the adoption fee. For other animals, the cost of spaying or neutering your pet depends on many factors and will vary according to each pet's circumstances and needs. For example, a large dog will cost more than a small dog. If your pet is overweight or in heat this can also add to the cost. Contact your veterinarian to get a more accurate idea of the costs involved for your pet. Curious ginger kitten looking down playfully

Curious ginger kitten looking down playfully

The cost of spaying/neutering is small when compared to other costs of pet care, such as what you will spend on food for your pet over their lifetime. Consider the possible costs if you do not spay or neuter. If your pet should wander off in search of a mate, you may be faced with paying fines and impoundment fees. You may also be faced with the additional costs of caring for puppies or kittens for whom finding homes may be difficult. Worse yet, think of the costs should your pet be injured while roaming for a mate. Spaying or neutering is a one-time investment with life-long health and welfare benefits for your companion. If you require financial assistance, learn about low-cost spay/neuter programs in B.C.

Question 9

Why does my pet need to be vaccinated?

Anna Tilley · Accepted Answer

Vaccines protect your pet from getting diseases that are contagious and possibly fatal. Vaccinating your pet doesn't just protect your pet, it also protects other pets in the community who may be too young or sick to be vaccinated. Vaccines also protect against some diseases that can be passed from pets to people.

All cats and dogs should receive vaccines. Your veterinarian can help determine which vaccines are necessary and the best schedule for vaccinating based on your pet's lifestyle and age.

Talk to your veterinarian about vaccines for your pet.

<img class="aligncenter size-full-width wp-image-1490" src="https://spca.bc.ca/wp-content/uploads/cat-kitten-at-vet-getting-vaccination11-e1576788263990-825x608.jpg" alt="Cute black kitten getting a vaccination at the vet" width="825" height="608" />

Question 10

When is it safe to vaccinate my cat/dog/pet?

Anna Tilley · Accepted Answer

Puppies and kittens should start their vaccines at six to eight weeks of age. Your puppy or kitten will need a series of vaccines before they are four months old. Schedules for adult animals may vary depending on lifestyle and vaccines needed.

Shelter or rescue animals may require more frequent vaccines while they are in the care of a shelter due to higher risk of exposure to disease.

Talk to your veterinarian about when to vaccinate your animal.

<img class="aligncenter size-full-width wp-image-1482" src="https://spca.bc.ca/wp-content/uploads/dog-puppy-at-vet-getting-vaccination-825x549.jpg" alt="Young puppy dog getting a vaccination at the vet" width="825" height="549" />

Question 11

I think my pet has consumed antifreeze, what do I do?

Jill Spacey · Accepted Answer

Act quickly! If you suspect your pet has consumed antifreeze you must take your pet to a veterinarian immediately. Animals who have ingested antifreeze go through two stages of symptoms. If untreated, death from kidney failure will occur within days.

Stage 1

In the first hour after drinking antifreeze, animals will stagger, act uncoordinated or disorientated, possibly bumping into things. They may also try to vomit. The quicker you get to the vet the better chance your pet can be successfully treated.

Stage 2

After stage 1 it may appear your pet has recovered. However, in this stage the antifreeze is being processed by the liver, creating substances that cause permanent kidney damage as well as signs of central nervous system damage. The more antifreeze the pet has ingested the more damage. Eventually the animal will lapse into a coma. Death usually occurs within 48 hours.

Veterinary care

Immediate treatment is critical. If you suspect your pet has been poisoned, take your pet to a veterinarian. Your pet will NOT recover without treatment.

Learn about pet-friendly antifreeze

Question 12

​What is toxoplasmosis/how is it transmitted?

Anna Tilley · Accepted Answer

What is toxoplasmosis?

Toxoplasmosis is an infection caused by a tiny parasite, Toxoplasma gondii. It can infect both cats and people, but most healthy animals and people won't get sick because their immune systems will protect them.

How toxoplasmosis is transmitted to humans

Most people who get toxoplasmosis get it from eating undercooked meat or unwashed produce. Because cats only shed the parasite for the first few days after becoming infected, infection from cats is rare.

Handling and/or eating raw or undercooked food
Handling and/or eating unwashed fruits and vegetables
Drinking unpasteurized milk
Eating or drinking from contaminated sources
Being exposed to cat feces from their litter box
Being exposed to gardens or sandboxes that may have cat feces in them

Toxoplasmosis and pregnancy

Pregnant women and people with compromised immune systems are more at risk for infection. If a pregnant woman becomes infected, her baby may have health problems.

Can pregnant women be around cats?

Yes, pregnant women can be around their cats, though there are some precautions to take:

Do not change your cat's litter. If you have to change the cat's litter yourself, make sure you wear gloves and thoroughly wash your hands after
Do not interact with any unknown cats
Keep your cat inside
Don't feed any raw or undercooked meat to your cat

Grey cat wearing collar and id playing with a young baby and woman indoors

Still concerned about your pet and your baby?

If you have more questions or concerns about toxoplasmosis and your baby's health, please talk to your doctor.
If you are concerned about toxoplasmosis and your pet's health, please talk to your veterinarian.

Question 13

​What is shelter medicine?

Anna Tilley · Accepted Answer

Shelter medicine is a field of veterinary medicine that combines individual animal health care with the needs of the population. Shelter medicine is an exciting, growing field that is now being taught in many veterinary schools. grey kitten being held

The main goal of shelter medicine is to improve the health and well-being of animals in shelters. Key aspects of shelter medicine include:

Infectious disease management and prevention
Population management and animal welfare
Medical, surgical and emergency care
Caring for and providing documentation for animals who are part of cruelty cases
Shelter facility design
Clinical behaviour
Community programs and working with community veterinarians to share information

Shelter medicine recommendations may differ from private practice recommendations, because of consideration for the entire population and not just individual animals. The BC SPCA has a shelter medicine program that provides provincial support to all sheltering branches using an evidence-based approach. Our program also hosts 4th year veterinary students from across the world who are interested in learning more about animal welfare and shelter medicine. Visit our Professional Resources page for more shelter medicine information.

Question 14

​What is rabies/how is it transmitted?

Anna Tilley · Accepted Answer

What is the rabies virus?

Rabies is a viral disease of warm-blooded animals that can be transmitted to humans. It is caused by a virus of the Rhabdoviridae family, which attacks the central nervous system and eventually affects the brain. Rabies is almost always fatal in animals and people once symptoms occur.

How is rabies transmitted between animals and humans?

The virus is transmitted through close contact with the saliva of infected animals, most often by a bite or scratch. It can also be transmitted by licks on broken skin or mucous membranes, such as those in the eyes, nasal cavity or mouth. In very rare cases, person-to-person transmission has occurred when saliva droplets became aerial. Bat bites can inflict small wounds and go unnoticed.

Who is at risk of being infected by rabies?

Bats are the only known wild carrier of rabies in B.C. Like cats and dogs, raccoons, coyotes, skunks, farm animals, and any other mammals are capable of contracting the rabies virus, but are not considered carriers in B.C. In other provinces like Ontario, raccoons, coyotes, skunks and foxes are wild carriers of rabies. In B.C., however, the only carrier of rabies is bats; no raccoons or skunks in B.C. have ever transmitted rabies. [caption id="attachment_7216" align="aligncenter" width="825"]

Photo: Liron Gertsman[/caption]

How common is rabies in bats in B.C.?

It is estimated that one per cent of bats in the wild in B.C. carry rabies. In June 2004, four skunks in Stanley Park in Vancouver tested positive for the rabies virus. However, it was discovered that they all carried the bat strain of rabies; likely they had all been in contact with a rabid bat.

Cases of human rabies infection in Canada

In the past 25 years, five people in Canada have died of rabies infection: one in Quebec (2000), one in Alberta (2007), one in Ontario (2012) and two in British Columbia (2003 and 2019). In the Ontario case, rabies exposure occurred outside the country. These were the first cases of human rabies in Canada since 1985. The most likely source of infection for both B.C. individuals was unrecognized bat exposure. Without wound cleansing or post-exposure vaccinations, the potential incidence of rabies in exposed humans can be very high.

Does my pet need a rabies vaccine?

Dogs and cats account for fewer than five per cent of all animal rabies cases in Canada. However, rabies presents a serious public health risk, and even indoor pets could come in contact with a bat. Some pets also need the vaccine for travel. Ask your vet whether your pet should be vaccinated.

What if my pet brings a bat home?

If your pet brings home a bat, you should take your pet to a veterinarian. If the bat is available, your vet may send it for rabies testing. Additionally, your vet may vaccinate your pet against rabies and/or ask you to keep your pet in your home for several months to see if they develop signs of rabies. If any person in your household has touched a bat with bare skin, seek medical attention from a doctor or local public health unit immediately.

What will happen to the bat?

The bat may be euthanized and sent for testing. As of April 1, 2014, CFIA veterinary inspectors are no longer involved in species collection activities. However, the CFIA continues to perform and cover the cost for rabies laboratory testing involving domestic and wild animals and humans. This is vital as once the symptoms of rabies (flu-like including fever, headache and fatigue, progressing to gastrointestinal and central nervous system problems) start to appear, there is no treatment and the disease is almost always fatal. However, wound cleansing and immunizations, done as soon as possible after suspected contact with an animal, can prevent the onset of rabies in virtually 100 per cent of exposures.

What to do if there has been contact with a bat

Bat-to-person contact?

If treatment is given promptly after being exposed to (any bare skin contact) or bitten by a bat, the illness may be prevented by taking the following actions:

Immediately wash the wound or exposed surface with soap and water for 10 minutes and cover the area with a clean bandage.
Remove any clothing that may have been contaminated.
Immediately call your doctor and local health authority for advice.

Bat-to-pet contact?

Please contact your veterinarian to have your pet vaccinated and discuss whether a period of isolation/observation is required for your pet. If the bat is available, your veterinarian may send it for rabies testing.

Found an injured bat?

No matter how injured, a bat should never be touched with bare hands. Please refrain from nudging or picking the bat up. Injured bats can be rehabilitated by professionals able to take the necessary precautions against rabies transmission. Call the BC SPCA's provincial call centre at 1-855-622-7722 for advice on safely containing bats and finding a wildlife rehabilitator.

Question 15

Do you accept donations of pet medication?

Anna Tilley · Accepted Answer

The BC SPCA is not able to accept donations of pet medications that have been previously dispensed or used. These medications should be taken to a pharmacy for disposal.

Question 16

​Shouldn't a female cat/dog have a litter before being spayed?

Anna Tilley · Accepted Answer

Allowing a female cat or dog to produce a litter does not have any benefits to the animal. Animals who go through heat cycles and pregnancy are at higher risk for uterine and mammary problems, including mammary cancer, which can be fatal. There are health risks to the mother during the pregnancy and when giving birth. Proper pre-natal care, emergency care for birth complications, and proper newborn care are expensive and time-consuming. Learn more about the benefits of spaying and neutering your pet. A happy smiling dog sitting outside looking up with tongue out

A happy smiling dog sitting outside looking up with tongue out

Question 17

When should my cat/dog/pet be fixed?

Anna Tilley · Accepted Answer

Most unintentional litters (particularly with cats) occur because guardians waited too long to have the surgery done. The usual recommendation is before six months of age for cats, and before six and a half months for dogs. Consult your veterinarian to determine the best time for your pet. Female cats and dogs do not have to have a litter before being fixed.

The BC SPCA supports early age spay/neuter procedures for dogs and cats. Pediatric sterilization prevents excess litters by ensuring animals are sterilized before adoption. This helps combat pet overpopulation and euthanasia of unwanted animals. All major professional, academic, and animal welfare organizations in North America support pediatric spay/neuter for shelter animals. The BC SPCA will continue to promote other methods of combating pet overpopulation, including education and public awareness campaigns, non-surgical methods of sterilization, traditional spay/neuter initiatives and behaviour training. The BC SPCA believes pediatric spay/neuter to be appropriate with the following qualifications:

The procedure takes place between 8 and 16 weeks of age
The animal is judged to be clinically normal and healthy prior to surgery
Proper surgical protocols specific to these young animals are employed
Post-surgery complications receive special attention

Question 18

Does the BC SPCA provide financial assistance for veterinary care?

Anna Tilley · Accepted Answer

If you are seeking assistance to spay or neuter your animal, learn about low income spay/neuter programs in B.C. For immediate short-term help, you can apply for financing through programs such as Petcard. Our recommendation for a long-term/preventative solution is to look into insurance coverage. With pet health insurance, you'll be able to remove the stress and worry of unexpected medical costs and provide your pet with the best medical care possible, at a low monthly premium. We sincerely hope you are able to get the assistance you need. kitten cat with cast on looking up

Question 19

Why does my dog pee on stuff when I leave the house?

Anna Tilley · Accepted Answer

Dogs communicate with us through their behaviour. Peeing on your stuff may mean your dog is trying to tell you something. Dogs don't do it because they're mad! Golden retriever dog lying down on a couch indoors wearing collar and ID

Golden retriever dog lying down on a couch indoors wearing collar and ID

Is your dog house trained?

If your dog is house trained and this is a new behaviour, get a vet exam as there may be a medical issue at play. If your dog has always had accidents then it's best to restart your house training. Learn how to house train your dog.

Urine marking

Some dogs will pee on things around your house or outside to communicate, find a partner or to let others know this is their home. If your dog is urine marking, start by house training him again. Always make sure his bladder is empty before you leave him alone. Reward him for going outside. If he's not neutered, ask your vet about whether this might help. Dog indoors getting caught peeing on leather chair

Dog indoors getting caught peeing on leather chair

Does your dog have anxiety when you leave?

If you think your dog has separation anxiety, see your veterinarian for a diagnosis.

Signs your dog may be suffering from separation anxiety:

Panting, hiding, trembling, lack of appetite when you get ready to leave
Damage to your front door, back door or windows
Self-injury (bleeding paws, broken teeth, bleeding from mouth)
Refusal to eat when you're not home, even high value treats (but eats them when you're home)
See your veterinarian if you suspect your dog is suffering from separation anxiety.

Question 20

Will my pet become fat and lazy once he or she is fixed?

cd-colin · Accepted Answer

No. Your pet will actually benefit from spaying or neutering, because he or she will lead a healthier and longer life. Pets become fat and lazy as a result of overeating and a lack of exercise, not from spaying or neutering. Furthermore, spaying a female eliminates the possibility of her developing uterine and/or ovarian cancer and greatly reduces the chance of breast cancer. Neutering a male eliminates the risk of testicular cancer. Two happy dogs running through a forest trail with a person behind them

Two happy dogs running through a forest trail with a person behind them

Question 21

​How will spaying or neutering help my pet?

Anna Tilley · Accepted Answer

Spaying or neutering your dog, cat or rabbit doesn't just help prevent accidental litters. It also has health and behavioural benefits for your pet. Tired happy dog lying down on side with eyes closed outdoors being given a belly scratch rub

Benefits of spaying and neutering your pet

Generally, neutering decreases aggressive behaviours in pets

Neutered dogs are calmer and less likely to bite, attack or get into dog fights.
Neutered cats and rabbits don’t have the drive to mark and protect their territories and are less likely to spray or get into fights, resulting in fewer injuries.

Spaying ends the heat cycle in females

Heat cycles are usually twice a year for dogs, and result in many unwanted behavioural changes including possible aggression.
Cats generally go in and out of heat every three weeks between January and November.
Female cats in heat can howl relentlessly, may try to escape to mate, spray or urinate inappropriately and attract unwanted male cats.

Spaying and neutering lowers the chance of reproductive health problems

Studies show that spayed/neutered pets, on average, live longer.
Spaying eliminates the risk of ovarian and uterine cancer and pyometra (life-threatening infection of the uterus) in dogs, cats, and rabbits. Up to 80% of unspayed rabbits will develop uterine cancer.
Spaying reduces the risk of mammary cancer in cats, dogs, and rabbits.
Neutering eliminates the risk of testicular cancer in all species and lowers the risk of prostate problems in male dogs.

Spaying and neutering eliminates the drive to reproduce

The likelihood of your male pet wandering away or escaping will be decreased.
Male dogs can smell a female in heat up to a kilometre away.
Once neutered, your pet will be less frustrated and may become a calmer companion.

Spaying and neutering provides an opportunity to have other important procedures performed

Other procedures, as necessary, can also be done at the time of the operation.
This includes procedures such as an identification tattoo or microchip, teeth cleaning, hernia repair and baby teeth removal.

Spaying and neutering prevents accidental pregnancies

Research shows that the majority of cat pregnancies are unintended.
Pregnancy is hard on the mom physically. Prenatal care, birth complications, and puppy/kitten care can be costly.

Spaying and neutering helps your community

Research shows that, as an individual, you help reduce overpopulation issues in your community when you spay or neuter your pet.
Spaying and neutering your pet helps reduce the number of stray or unwanted animals in your community.
Reducing the amount of stray animals helps prevent other pets and wildlife from being injured or killed in fights.
Fixing your pet helps lessen the amount of stray animals getting into or causing car accidents, getting into garbage cans and damaging property.

Learn how fixing your cat helps combat the cat overpopulation problem and how you can take action in your community.

But aren't there also some risks to spaying and neutering?

Yes, any surgical procedure carries some risks. However, the overall benefit outweighs the risk for most animals. Talk to your veterinarian about the best choice for your pet.

Risks of surgery and anesthesia include pain, bleeding, infection, the incision opening up, or a bad reaction to the drugs used.
Spaying and neutering removes reproductive hormones from your pet's body. This has many benefits but also has minor effects on bone development and other body systems.
Several recent studies show higher rates of some bone and joint problems and cancers in purebred dogs spayed and neutered as puppies. These studies have attracted a lot of attention.
The studies involved small numbers of dogs who were already predisposed to the problems being studied because of their breeds. More research is needed to understand these risks.
If you are concerned about risks of spaying and neutering, don't just consult the internet. Talk to your veterinarian about what is best for your pet.

I still have questions about spaying and neutering

Shouldn't a female cat/dog have a litter before being spayed? Will spaying/neutering change my pets personality? Will my pet become fat/lazy once it is fixed? What does spay or neuter mean? When should my cat/dog/animal be fixed? What does it cost to spay/neuter my cat/dog/animal? Find out more about the benefits of sterilizing your pet and how February is spay/neuter awareness month. kitten looking up from cat tree

Question 22

​What power does the BC SPCA have in enforcing animal cruelty laws?

Anna Tilley · Accepted Answer

PCA Act

The BC SPCA derives its powers to investigate and take action in instances of animal cruelty from the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act (PCA Act). We are the only animal welfare organization in B.C. with the authority to enforce laws relating to animal cruelty and to recommend charges to Crown Counsel for the prosecution of those who inflict suffering on animals. Sad dog outdoors looking through the hole of a fence

Sad dog outdoors looking through the hole of a fence

Criminal Code of Canada

It is a crime in Canada to intentionally harm animals. Anyone who deliberately harms animals can be charged under the Criminal Code of Canada. The Criminal Code of Canada deals specifically with cruelty to animals in sections 444 to 447. Our Cruelty Investigations team can recommend charges for Crown Counsel for the prosecution of individuals who inflict suffering on animals under the Criminal Code of Canada. Ginger kitten close up shot looking sad

Question 23

​Should I buy a puppy from a pet store?

Anna Tilley · Accepted Answer

Read our position on the sale of pets from pet stores (PDF).

What are the concerns with buying from a pet store?

You don't know where the animals came from. What if they were living in filth and their mothers were abused or neglected? They might have costly genetic (PDF), health and behaviour problems their entire lives. Learn more about good and bad breeders.
Many stores carry animals that they have no expertise or knowledge to care for. These animals are not given the Five Freedoms. Many just want a safe place to hide and rest and enough space and things to do. Often, cramped housing conditions don’t meet even their most basic needs.
When animals are transported to the pet store, they are often in cramped containers. Many animals, especially small animals like fish and gerbils, will die during transport.
If you buy from a pet store, you are creating a space for another animal to be brought in, continuing a cycle of pain and suffering.

Puppy dog looking sad behind a gate cage

What happens to pet store animals who aren’t sold?

Just like with inventory in retail, animals go on sale. If the animal is marked down and no one purchases her, the store may give the animal away or try to return her to the breeder. After a very low cost sale of an animal that has high care costs, the store will think twice and will not purchase another, be it a puppy, turtle or gecko. Cute rat in cage with hands over bars looking over opening of cage

Cute rat in cage with hands over bars looking over opening of cage

Are you worried about the well-being of an animal you saw in a pet store?

If you believe an animal you have seen may be in distress, call the BC SPCA Provincial Call Centre at 1-855-622-7722.

Question 24

​What is animal abuse?

Anna Tilley · Accepted Answer

An animal is in distress, according to the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act (PCA Act), if it is:

(a) Deprived of adequate food, water, shelter, ventilation, light, space, exercise, care or veterinary treatment,

(a.1) Kept in conditions that are unsanitary,

(a.2) Not protected from excessive heat or cold,

(b) Injured, sick, in pain or suffering, or

(c) Abused or neglected.

Get more information on animals in distress and how you can help report animal cruelty. Sad dog lying down outdoors in the snow

Question 25

​What are the Five Freedoms?

Anna Tilley · Accepted Answer

The BC SPCA believes that all animals should enjoy, as a minimum, five essential freedoms, which were first described by the Farm Animal Welfare Council of the UK:

Freedom from hunger and thirst
Freedom from pain, injury and disease
Freedom from distress
Freedom from discomfort
Freedom to express behaviours that promote well-being

What does animal welfare mean?

The objectives of the BC SPCA are to prevent cruelty and to promote the welfare of animals. Animal welfare means an animal's quality of life, and it is affected by animals' physical health and the feelings they experience. Animals experience good welfare when they are able to experience positive feelings (arising from pleasurable activities and the fulfillment of behavioural needs) and when they are free from poor physical health and negative feelings (such as pain, discomfort, hunger, thirst, fear and frustration). Animals that are healthy, pain-free, comfortable and unstressed are said to have good welfare.

Close up shot of cute wild common barn owl with sideways tilted head

Question 26

​What kind of shelter is adequate for a dog outside?

Anna Tilley · Accepted Answer

Dogs are social animals who like being around people and, in many cases, other dogs. If they live outdoors this often means they live in isolation. Dogs left outdoors must have an outdoor kennel that is weather and draft proof.

Kennel must be:

Elevated
Insulated - both walls and flooring
Lined with lots of dry bedding (use straw versus hay; straw is dried out and hollow while hay is moist and will mold)
Checked regularly to make sure bedding is dry
Have an entrance that protects the dog from wind, rain and snow
Fresh water in a spill-proof bowl must always be available. If the weather hits sub-zero temperatures, you should purchase a heated water bowl.

A social species, even outdoor dogs need to get daily exercise, play and time with people. Learn how to transition a dog living outdoors to living inside.

Question 27

How do I report animal cruelty?

Anna Tilley · Accepted Answer

If you're concerned that an animal may be in distress, call us. Your actions could help save an animal, and you may also be protecting children or adults at risk of being harmed. [text-blocks id="60025" slug="locations-call-centre-hours"] Cute ginger coloured cat lying down on cat perch post looking into lens

How the BC SPCA can help animals in distress

Our Special Provincial Constables respond to all complaints of animal cruelty and neglect, and can get involved whenever any animal, with the exception of species at risk or wildlife that are not in captivity, is found in distress. In severe cases, they may seize animals and recommend animal cruelty charges. Review our stats at a glance. Sad tethered up dog on a chain in a wooden kennel

Sad tethered up dog on a chain in a wooden kennel

How to recognize an animal in distress

An animal is in distress, according to the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act (PCA Act), if it is:

(a) Deprived of adequate food, water, shelter, ventilation, light, space, exercise, care or veterinary treatment,

(a.1) Kept in conditions that are unsanitary,

(a.2) Not protected from excessive heat or cold,

(b) Injured, sick, in pain or suffering, or

(c) Abused or neglected.

The following examples may help you to recognize signs that an animal is in distress and needs help. Warning: graphic photos are included and viewer discretion is advised.

Thin and emaciated: Extremely thin, rib bones and hip bones are visible. This could indicate starvation or illness. Photo Example, Photo Example - caution: graphic
Little to no access to shelter, food or water: All companion, farm and captive wildlife should have access to food, water and shelter from the elements.
Wounded or injured: May have an obvious wound or be limping, or a guardian physically abusing an animal by hitting or kicking.
Coat in poor condition: Could indicate a flea or tick infestation. - Photo Example, Photo Example, Photo Example - caution: graphic
Hair badly matted: Can cause distress to an animal. Photo Example, Photo Example, Photo Example - caution: graphic
Overgrown or neglected nails or hooves: Photo Example, Photo Example- caution: graphic
Untreated infections: Photo Example, Photo Example- caution: graphic

Cruelty to Farm Animals

Cases where farm animals suffer as a result of "generally accepted management practices" cannot be prosecuted under the PCA Act. However, people who allow their farm animals to be in distress as a result of inadequate basic care can be prosecuted.

Learn more about the BC SPCA's Farm Animal Welfare programs, and how the BC SPCA is working to improve the standards of care for farm animals.

Question 28

​Why can't the BC SPCA tell us more about ongoing cruelty investigations?

Anna Tilley · Accepted Answer

The BC SPCA is not able to provide details on active investigations into animal cruelty cases, as doing so may compromise any potential charges or other legal actions we may take.

<img class="aligncenter size-full-width wp-image-54107" src="https://spca.bc.ca/wp-content/uploads/cid-male-officer-rescuing-senior-dog-5-825x549.jpg" alt="animal cruelty officer rescuing neglected senior dog" width="825" height="549" />

Question 29

​How is the BC SPCA different from Animal Control Services?

Anna Tilley · Accepted Answer

The BC SPCA is the only animal welfare organization that can investigate animal cruelty as established by the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act and the Constitution and Bylaws of the Society (PDF). We are guided by our Code of Ethics (PDF). Cruelty Investigation Officers

Animal Control agencies enforce city/municipal animal by-laws and, in some cities/municipalities, operate their own shelter. By-laws may include stray dogs, leash laws and licensing. In some BC SPCA shelters, we are contracted by the city/municipality to enforce the by-laws or kennel stray dogs and/or cats. Find your local shelter to determine what services we provide in your community. Please call the BC SPCA Provincial Call Centre at 1-855-622-7722 to report animal cruelty.

Question 30

Can I remain anonymous when reporting animal cruelty?

Anna Tilley · Accepted Answer

Yes. When you make a report with one of our call centre operator, let them know that you would like to report anonymously and they will not take your personal information.

Your information could be released in the event of a court order, legal proceeding, another law enforcement agency investigation or if we ask you to provide a statement so that we can obtain a search warrant.

Providing us with your contact information allows our animal protection officers to contact you with additional questions, if necessary. If you wish to be contacted regarding the outcome of the investigation, we can only do so if we have your contact information, otherwise no follow-up information will be available to you at any time.

<img class="aligncenter size-full-width wp-image-28892" src="https://spca.bc.ca/wp-content/uploads/news-havanese-45-victoria-medical-emergency-cruelty-after-825x717.jpg" alt="" width="825" height="717" />

Question 31

​What is the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act (PCA Act)?

Anna Tilley · Accepted Answer

The Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act (PCA Act) is the provincial animal welfare legislation that outlines required standards of care. The BC SPCA was created under the auspices of the PCA Act, and that's what gives it the power to investigate and take action on animal cruelty cases. It also details the BC SPCA's constitution and powers of inspection and enforcement.

The BC SPCA is the only animal welfare organization in B.C. with the authority to enforce laws related to animal cruelty. In 2008, we successfully campaigned for amendments to the Act that significantly increased protection for abused and neglected animals in B.C. We continue to propose and support amendments to strengthen the Act. For example, in July 2015, the B.C. Ministry of Agriculture announced a new regulation to adopt the Codes of Practice for the Care and Handling of Dairy Cattle into the PCA Act, specifically outlining what is considered a 'generally accepted practice'. The inclusion of the Codes complemented our work with the BC Dairy Association, the BC Milk Marketing Board and the dairy industry to improve the welfare of dairy cattle.

In February 2017, the BC SPCA applauded the government of B.C's move to target irresponsible dog and cat breeders. The proposed amendments to the PCA Act would enable the B.C. government to regulate commercial breeders through either a registration or licensing system that will help ensure commercial cat and dog breeders are treating animals with the respect and care they deserve.

Question 32

​How do I become a cruelty investigator?

Anna Tilley · Accepted Answer

Investigating reports of animal cruelty and seizing animals in distress is both rewarding and challenging. It's a job that requires a unique set of skills and the right personality type. The best way to find out if it's the right job for you is to start by working in a BC SPCA shelter to gain experience shadowing Special Provincial Constables and participate in initial investigations. Currently, we employ [text-blocks id="10716" slug="number-cid-constables" plain="1"] throughout the province. Should an opening become available, the job opportunity will be posted on our website. To learn more, download a description of qualifications, experience and skills required to become a Special Provincial Constable (PDF) with the BC SPCA.

Question 33

What happens when someone files a cruelty complaint?

Anna Tilley · Accepted Answer

Step 1 - Gathering information

When the BC SPCA Provincial Call Centre (1-855-622-7722) receives a cruelty complaint, a call centre operator will gather information from the caller, including but not limited to:

The caller’s name, phone number and address: While we do accept anonymous reports, contact information is very important in the event that the animal protection officer who investigates the complaint has any questions or difficulty locating the property. Also, if legal action is pursued, we may require a statement.
The person of interest’s information: Address and name (if known) as well as physical description and whether the caller believes they might be violent.
A detailed description of the animal(s) and the concerns. Also location of animals if different from the person of interest’s address.
Date and time of the incident or when the animal was last observed.

All of these questions are necessary to ensure we provide the animal protection officers with as much information as possible to assist them in their investigation.

Step 2 - Investigating the complaint

An animal protection officer will review the complaint and attend the premises. Our response time will depend on the number and priority of calls at the time, as well as the location of the animals reported. The officers will attend as soon as they are able, however it is important to remember that the BC SPCA is a non-profit organization with only 30 full time officers for the whole province. If the animal protection officer attends and finds the complaint to be unfounded, we will close the file with no further action. If the complaint is valid and there are animals in distress, the officer must give the owner the opportunity to relieve the distress within a reasonable period of time. In doing so the officer would issue the owner with notice(s).

Step 3 - Resolving the issue

If the owner complies within the provided time period, we will close the file. If the owner does not comply within the time period, the animal protection officer may either issue new notices, provide additional time (depending on the circumstances) or apply for a warrant to seize the animal(s). Dog from puppy mill cruelty before and after

Dog from puppy mill cruelty before and after

Question 34

​How does the BC SPCA help horses?

Anna Tilley · Accepted Answer

Horses and farm animals come into the BC SPCA's care through cruelty investigations. Sadly, they are usually in poor condition. In many cases they require extensive nutritional and medical rehabilitation due to starvation and health issues. The BC SPCA has the extremely difficult challenge of finding care for these horses and adopting them out to experienced, permanent homes. In 2015 the Cruelty Investigations Department opened the Good Shepherd Barn in Cloverdale and the Kelowna Recovery and Adoption Barn to accommodate horses and farm animals involved in cruelty investigations. A third farm animal facility is being planned for Nanaimo. The BC SPCA does not have the resources to take in surrendered horses and farm animals at this time. We rely heavily on donations to provide foster homes and boarding facilities for horses in our care. Other expenses include food, veterinary and farrier care during rehabilitation and recovery from injuries or illness. person walking with horse outside

Question 35

Is tail docking or ear cropping of dogs legal in B.C.?

Jill Spacey · Accepted Answer

Definitions

Ear cropping: the removal of part or all of the ear of a dog Tail docking: the removal of part or all of the tail of a dog In 2016, the College of Veterinarians of British Columbia voted to disallow their membership to crop ears or dock tails of dogs for cosmetic purposes. In accordance with section 231 of the CVBC Ethics and Standards (PDF), these procedures may only be done to treat injury or disease. As such, if a veterinarian performed these procedures outside of to treat injury and disease, they would be in breach of their ethics and standards and also potentially in breach of the Criminal Code and Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act (the “PCA Act”). It is the position of the BC SPCA that unless medically required the cosmetic docking of tail or cropping of ears without the use of anesthetics or analgesia causes pain or suffering as reported by both the CVBC and CVMA. Complaints of tail docking and ear cropping may be investigated and provided they meet the charge approval standard as set out by the Crown, recommendations for charges pursuant to either the Criminal Code of Canada or the provincial Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act will be forwarded to Crown Counsel. Dobberman with cropped ears and docked tail

Dobberman with cropped ears and docked tail

Tail docking and ear cropping cause unnecessary pain, suffering and/or injury to a dog when the procedures are not medically necessary to treat injury or disease. Recent studies (Mellor, 2018) demonstrate that dogs who have had their tails docked display signs of chronic pain and heightened pain sensitivity. The tail and ears also play a significant role in communication for canines, both with other dogs and to humans. Docked tails have been shown to result in more frequent aggressive encounters with other dogs. Tail and ear activity are closely linked with other dog behaviours and allow dogs to signal both negative and positive emotions, moods and intentions.

Question 36

​Why does the BC SPCA allow animal guardians under investigation to keep their animals?

Anna Tilley · Accepted Answer

The BC SPCA has a legal obligation to provide animal guardians with "an opportunity to relieve the animal's distress." The objective of every investigation is to relieve and prevent the distress of an animal through education, cooperation and, if necessary, prosecution under the law. Initially, an investigator may issue notices to a guardian that he must seek medical attention for his animal. Notices can also apply to an animal's environment, such as building a raised and insulated shelter. The investigator will give the animal guardian a time-frame for compliance, and if he or she fails to comply with notices, the investigator can either issue further notices allowing the guardian more time, or apply for a search warrant to seize the animal. Acting under the law, the BC SPCA is not empowered to remove animals from private property without a search warrant unless those animals would not survive without immediate medical intervention. Animals may be lacking adequate food, shelter and veterinary care, or even be sick and in pain, but unless they are in immediate danger of dying they are not in critical distress under the law. Sad tethered up dog on a chain in a wooden kennel

Question 37

​What are generally accepted practices of animal management?

Brandy Street · Accepted Answer

B.C.'s Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act (PCA Act) outlines generally accepted practices of animal management as a reason by which distress is legally acceptable. Generally accepted practices of animal management are ways of handling or caring for animals that are commonly used by those responsible for them. Sometimes these practices still cause pain, suffering and distress to animals. If the practices haven't been written down in any official document, it is up to experts like veterinarians and leaders in the relevant industry (such as animal farming, sled dogs, animal breeding or horse racing) to give expert testimony in court when there is an animal neglect or cruelty case. Animals are better represented when practices are written and agreed to by a committee of experts that includes animal welfare experts. We call these documents 'Standards' or 'Codes of Practice'. In Canada, the National Farm Animal Care Council coordinates the development of the Codes of Practice for the care and handling of farm animals. The Codes of Practice are nationally developed guidelines that serve as our national understanding of animal care requirements and recommended practices. In 2019, the Codes of Practice were included in provincial law - through the adoption of the Animal Care Codes of Practice Regulation under the PCA Act. This means that the Codes of Practice for some industries now serve as the minimum standard for what is considered to be a 'reasonable and generally accepted practice' of farm animal care in B.C. For example, science shows that castrating (neutering) cattle is painful at any age. However, the Code of Practice only requires farmers to use pain control on animals over six months of age. Despite the fact that castrating without pain control causes pain and distress, farmers cannot be charged with animal cruelty for this distress because this is a 'generally accepted practice'. In order to better protect animals, it is important to continue to strengthen standards and Codes of Practice, so that generally accepted practices better align with science and societal values of how we should treat animals. Read more about laws for farm animals.

Question 38

​I saw a dog in the back of a pick-up truck, what do I do?

Anna Tilley · Accepted Answer

Section 72 of the BC Motor Vehicle Act and Section 9.3 of the PCA Act prohibit the transport of an unsecured pet in the back of a pick-up truck. It is against the law and dangerous for a pet. If you see a dog that is unattached in the back of a pick-up truck, call 911. Record the information about the vehicle so that you have it on hand for your call:

Licence plate number
Make and model of vehicle
Description of dog

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jy_JNtlfb7g

What is the best way to secure a pet in a vehicle?

Unrestrained pets are a major distraction to drivers and can cause vehicle collisions. In a crash, pets become flying objects and can cause serious injury to themselves and others.

Put the dog inside the vehicle with you and use a secured crate or a dog seatbelt to restrain your pet.
If you must transport your pet in the back of a truck, the safest method is in a secured crate in the centre of your truck box.

Find out more about transporting your pet safely. [caption id="attachment_1452" align="aligncenter" width="825"] Happy dog restrained in crate in the back of a truck

Happy dog restrained in crate in the back of a truck

The correct way to transport a dog in a pick-up truck: Dog is inside a secured crate.[/caption]

Question 39

​Is it legal to chain your dog in B.C.?

Anna Tilley · Accepted Answer

If you suspect an animal is in distress, call the BC SPCA Provincial Call Centre: 1-855-622-7722. A BC SPCA Special Provincial Constable will follow up on the complaint and have educational materials to help owners transition their dog inside. If the animal is found to be in distress, the constable will issue notices to the owner. Sad dog outdoors tethered on a chain

Outdoor dogs and distress

When our Animal Protection Officers visit a property, they must determine if the animal is in distress. The definition of distress is covered under the legislation that governs the BC SPCA, the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act (PCA Act):

deprived of adequate food, water, shelter, ventilation, light, space, exercise or veterinary care
- kept in conditions that are unsanitary
- not protected from excessive heat or cold
injured, sick, in pain or suffering, or
abused or neglected

"Adequate" can be a subjective term. Officers use the following definitions to help clarify the term:

Adequate water: Access to clean, potable drinking water at all times
Adequate food: A sufficient quantity of suitable food to allow for normal growth and the maintenance of normal body weight and food receptacles that are clean, disinfected and located as to avoid contamination by excreta
Adequate shelter: A properly constructed shelter that ensures protection from heat, cold and dampness, and is appropriate to the weight and protective outer coat of the animal.

Learn more about municipal bylaws for chained and outdoor animals in B.C.

Question 40

​Why don't animal abusers go to jail?

Anna Tilley · Accepted Answer

While the BC SPCA is the only animal welfare organization in BC that can recommend charges under both the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act (PCA Act) and the Criminal Code of Canada, it is up to Crown Counsel to prosecute and for the judge to determine sentencing upon conviction.

Penalties for individuals convicted under the PCA Act or Criminal Code are as follows:

A person who commits an offence under the PCA Act is liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $75,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding two years, or to both.
Under the Criminal Code, a person who commits an offence directly related to one of the sections on animals: is guilty of an indictable offence and liable to imprisonment for a term of not more than five years; or an offence punishable on summary conviction and liable to a fine not exceeding $10,000 or to imprisonment for a term of not more than 18 months or to both.

Question 41

​Why do you need a warrant?

Anna Tilley · Accepted Answer

As BC SPCA Special Provincial Constables enforce the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act (PCA Act), they must act in accordance with the legislation. The PCA Act does not permit BC SPCA Special Provincial Constables to search for evidence or remove animals without a warrant. Many investigations can be conducted without a search warrant. Upon respectful request, animal guardians will usually permit us to view their animals and, if the animals are in distress, guardians often comply with notices provided.

It is only when our Special Provincial Constables are denied access to the animals, or if the guardians are unable or unwilling to comply with notices and relieve the distress of the animals, that it is necessary to obtain a search warrant. In order for a warrant to be granted, there must be reasonable grounds to do so and there must be animals in distress or an offence committed against them. The only time BC SPCA Special Provincial Constables may remove an animal without a warrant is when the animal is in critical distress and not located within a dwelling house. PCA Act: Authority to enter without a warrant

14 (1) In this section, "critical distress" means distress in an animal of such a nature that (a) immediate veterinary treatment cannot prolong the animal's life, (b) prolonging the animal's life would result in the animal suffering unduly, or (c) immediate veterinary intervention is necessary to prevent the imminent death of the animal. (2) An authorized agent who believes on reasonable grounds that there is an animal in critical distress in any premises, other than a dwelling house, or in any vehicle, aircraft or vessel, may enter the premises, vehicle, aircraft or vessel without a warrant for the purpose of taking any action authorized by this Act to relieve that critical distress.

Further, the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms states that everyone has the right to be secure against unreasonable search and seizure. If the BC SPCA performed an unreasonable search, it would have serious consequences for the outcome of the case, the animal(s) involved and the Special Provincial Constables performing the search. Sad dog, alone and tethered with a chain outdoors

Sad dog, alone and tethered with a chain outdoors

Question 42

Is reporting animal cruelty safe and confidential?

Anna Tilley · Accepted Answer

Yes. The BC SPCA complies with the Personal Information Protection Act.

Your information could be released in the event of a court order, legal proceeding, another law enforcement agency investigation or if we ask you to provide a statement so that we can obtain a search warrant.

Providing us with your contact information allows our animal protection officers to contact you with additional questions, if necessary. If you wish to be contacted regarding the outcome of the investigation, we can only do so if we have your contact information, otherwise no follow-up information will be available to you at any time.

<img class="aligncenter size-full-width wp-image-44907" src="https://spca.bc.ca/wp-content/uploads/news-cruelty-langley-horses-e1548700300283-825x629.jpg" alt="" width="825" height="629" />

Question 43

​Why can't the BC SPCA close a facility when the treatment of animals is in question?

Anna Tilley · Accepted Answer

The BC SPCA does not have the lawful authority to close facilities, businesses or operations. Our Special Constables must investigate in accordance with the PCA Act and follow procedures and protocols for investigation, which include working with the owners to relieve animals of any distress. If the owners are unable or unwilling to relieve distress, our constables may apply for a warrant to seize the animals.

Question 44

​If there isn't enough evidence to seize animals what can be done?

Anna Tilley · Accepted Answer

If the animals in question are not in distress or the owner has taken the necessary steps to relieve the distress, the BC SPCA has no lawful authority to remove the animals.

The animal protection officer may check back in with the owners to view the animals within a set time period, however our officers cannot continually monitor a particular animal (and owner) without reasonable grounds to do so. We rely on members of the public to be our eyes and ears and to report concerns to us if/when they observe any animals in distress.

<img class="aligncenter wp-image-10630 size-full-width" src="https://spca.bc.ca/wp-content/uploads/dog-sad-trapped-in-chained-cage-outdoors-yard-825x321.jpg" alt="" width="825" height="321" />

Question 45

What happens with seized animals? How can you get seized animals back?

Anna Tilley · Accepted Answer

When the BC SPCA seizes an animal, the animal guardian is provided with a Notice of Disposition, which details the procedure for disputing the seizure. Anyone wishing to dispute a seizure must do so in writing within 14 days of receiving the Notice of Disposition. If the animal guardian does not dispute the seizure within 14 days, the BC SPCA will gain custody of the animal. However, the animal guardian will be responsible for the costs of care of the animal while in our care.

If the animal guardian disputes the seizure, the BC SPCA's Chief Prevention and Enforcement Officer will review and consider the case, and will decide whether to return the animal (based on the animal’s best interests) under some type of care agreement.

If the decision is made to refuse to return the animal, the animal guardian has the right to appeal the decision to the BC Farm Industry Review Board.

Question 46

​How does the BC SPCA decide which cases it should recommend cruelty charges in?

Anna Tilley · Accepted Answer

The BC SPCA derives its powers to investigate and take action in instances of animal cruelty from the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act (PCA Act). We are the only animal welfare organization in BC that has the authority to enforce laws relating to animal cruelty. Our Cruelty Investigations team can also recommend charges under both the PCA Act as well as the Criminal Code of Canada to Crown Counsel for the prosecution of individuals who inflict suffering on animals. In order for us to recommend charges to Crown Counsel, it must be in the public’s interest to prosecute, and there must be a substantial likelihood of conviction. Ultimately, it is Crown Counsel’s decision on whether or not charges are pursued. Sad dog outdoors tethered on a chain

Question 47

​How do you enforce a ban on owning animals?

Anna Tilley · Accepted Answer

A ban (or prohibition) on owning animals is one of the most effective ways to prevent someone who has been convicted of animal cruelty from simply acquiring more animals. Prohibitions are enforced in part through public reporting and in part through BC SPCA Special Constable monitoring. Given the media attention that often follows a person's conviction of animal cruelty and ban on owning animals, we often find that neighbours or people living in the same community as the former animal owner are more than happy to report to us should this person obtain new animals. Our constables also do random inspections when possible. If you are aware of someone who has a ban and you know that they also own or care for an animal, please call the BC SPCA Provincial Call Centre: 1-855-622-7722. Learn more about our cruelty investigations.

Report Animal Cruelty: 1-855-622-7722

Report Animal Cruelty:

1-855-622-7722

Find a BC SPCA location in your area:

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