Q: Do you have gift cards?

YES! Gift cards are available for our online shop . Please note that gift cards can only be applied to products in the online store and can not be applied to adoption fees at this time.

Question 1

​Can I adopt a horse from the BC SPCA?

Brandy Street · Accepted Answer

Yes, you can adopt horses from the BC SPCA. Horses come into the care of the BC SPCA through our Animal Protection Services work. These horses are rehabilitated on-site at the Surrey Good Shepherd Barn, the Kelowna Recovery & Adoption Barn, the Nanaimo Seasted Stables, or in foster homes across the province. Interested in fostering horses? Apply to become a foster home online. Horses that are available for adoption are listed on our adoptions page. Viewings are by appointment. A completed adoption application and a home check are required as part of the adoption process. Adoption fees vary from $250 to $750, or more. Basic medical exams are performed by a veterinarian when horses are in our care; however, it is recommended that potential adopters carry out pre-purchase exams when considering horse adoption.

Search for horses now

Question 2

Can I adopt a mini pig from the BC SPCA?

Brandy Street · Accepted Answer

To adopt a pig or any other animal from the BC SPCA, please visit our adoptions page. But before you adopt a pig, please consider the diversity of pig needs, which are much different from the needs of a pet dog or cat. For example:

How big should you expect a mini pig to actually grow?
What type of housing do pigs require?
Are pigs compatible with other pets?
What do pigs eat?
Who will be your pig's vet, and does your local vet accept pig patients?
Should you get a pet pig spayed or neutered?
What type of house-training is required?
What costs are involved?

Get the answer to these and other important questions on our pet pig information page.

Question 3

Can I adopt an animal as a gift for someone?

Anna Tilley · Accepted Answer

The quick answer is yes! However, you still have to meet our four non-negotiable factors and the animal needs to be matched to the person receiving the animal as a gift. Please visit your local BC SPCA animal centre or check out our adoptable animals. Learn more, watch our video on giving pets as gifts: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oufqN331Xco

Question 4

​Can I have a pet monkey in B.C.?

Anna Tilley · Accepted Answer

It is illegal to keep monkeys and other primates as pets in B.C. They are listed as Controlled Alien Species under provincial legislation. Monkeys are social and live in groups with their families. Removing babies or adults from this group is distressing for all individuals. When choosing a pet, people often don't think about how big the animals will get and how long they will live. When the care responsibilities become unmanageable, the animals are often surrendered to an animal rescue organization or refuge - if these locations are not already full. The BC SPCA does not support keeping or breeding exotic animals as pets due to their unique physical and emotional needs. These animals often suffer in care because of their specialized needs. Exotic pets are often taken from the wild and may suffer or die during capture or transport. When people capture animals from the wild, they also disturb fragile ecosystems and threaten species' survival. Read our position on wild and exotic animals kept as pets. Read more about the BC Government's Controlled Alien Species Regulations.

Question 5

​Can I have a pet pygmy marmoset?

Anna Tilley · Accepted Answer

It is illegal to keep any primate, including pygmy marmosets or bushbabies, as pets in B.C. They are listed as a Controlled Alien Species under provincial legislation. Primates are very social and live in groups with their families. Removing babies or adults from this group is distressing for all the individuals. The BC SPCA does not support keeping or breeding exotic animals as pets due to their unique physical and emotional needs. These animals often suffer in care because of their specialized needs. Exotic pets are often taken from the wild, and may suffer or die during capture or transport. When people capture animals from the wild, they also disturb fragile ecosystems and threaten species' survival. Read our position on wild and exotic animals kept as pets. Read more about the BC Government's Controlled Alien Species Regulations.

Question 6

​Can I have a wild or exotic animal as a pet?

Anna Tilley · Accepted Answer

Under provincial and federal law, it is illegal to keep a wild animal, as designated under the BC Wildlife Act, as a pet. Very rarely, the provincial government issues permits for the personal possession of wild animals. The BC SPCA does not support keeping wild or exotic animals as pets due to their unique physical and emotional needs. Both types of animals - those found wild in Canada and those exotic in Canada but wild to other countries - will suffer in care because of their specialized needs. Under provincial law, it is illegal to keep certain dangerous exotic animals like tigers, primates or crocodiles as pets. Many cities also have exotic animal bylaws that make it illegal to keep some or all exotic pets. Check with your local municipality for a list of banned exotic animals. Read more about exotic animals and the law. If you are concerned about someone owning a wild or exotic animal illegally, please contact the Conservation Officer 24-hour RAPP line at 1-877-952-7277.

Question 7

​Can I have a wolf-dog hybrid?

Anna Tilley · Accepted Answer

It is illegal to keep or sell a wolf as a pet in B.C. Some dogs are sold as "wolf-dog hybrids" for thousands of dollars, but they are really just dogs and have little to no wild wolf in them. Genetic testing is available to confirm hybrid status, however the animals' behaviour is often used to assess their "wildness." The BC SPCA is opposed to keeping, breeding and importing wolf-dog hybrids as pets. Cross-breeding a wolf and dog counteracts 12,000 years of domestication. These animals are difficult to train and contain, develop stereotypies in captivity, and often show aggression toward other animals and humans. They need a high level of care that is difficult to achieve and do not make good pets. Wolf-dogs already in captivity should be sent to accredited sanctuaries and never used for public attractions as roadside zoos or "walks with wolves".

Photo by John E. Marriott

Question 8

​Can the BC SPCA move an animal to a location closer to me?

Anna Tilley · Accepted Answer

The BC SPCA Drive for Lives program transfers more than 4,000 animals each year throughout the province to increase their chances of adoption. Depending on your location, and the location and status of the animal you're interested in, we may be able to bring the animal to a BC SPCA facility closer to you. Please contact your local animal centre to learn more.

Question 9

​Can the BC SPCA recommend other rescue groups?

Anna Tilley · Accepted Answer

The BC SPCA does not certify or recommend other rescue groups.

What makes an animal rescue organization reputable?

They assess the animal's behaviour

An adoption matching process helps to ensure the animal is the right match for you and your lifestyle.
The animal has had a behavioural assessment or close behaviour monitoring to learn about what they need and identify any behavioural problems. They can provide a record of it.
Ideally, they know if the animal is a good fit for a household with cats, dogs and young children.

They consider the animal's health

The rescue provides adequate veterinary care prior to your adoption. You should expect a cat or dog to be spayed or neutered, vaccinated, de-wormed and given permanent identification. Rabbits should be spayed or neutered.
Health and medical records provided show an ongoing relationships with a veterinarian or veterinarians.
The rescue does not exceed its capacity to provide humane care for animals. All animals receive proper care, cleaning, feeding, exercise and enrichment.
Housing for the animals is clean and sanitary, with space to move around and act naturally.

They address the adopter's concerns

A return policy states they are willing to accept the animal back at any time if the adoption does not work out and this is clearly written somewhere.
The rescue is transparent about medical and behavioural problems and expected future needs.

Questions to ask before you foster or adopt an animal through a rescue

What is the animal's history?
What are his or her medical and behavioural issues? Does he or she have separation anxiety or aggression?
Is the animal house trained?
What happens if it doesn't work out?

If the animal is from another country, ask what diseases and parasites he or she has been tested for. Be sure to reach out to a veterinarian and discuss the risks for the animal itself and the animals they might come in contact with in your home or in public.

If fostering, ask:

How long am I expected to foster for?
What do you provide and what am I expected to pay for?
What do I do if there is a medical emergency? If I have a problem, who do I contact?

Question 10

Do serval cats make good house pets?

Erin Ryan · Accepted Answer

Although servals (a wild cat) are not included in the provincial Controlled Alien Species legislation, that doesn't mean they should be kept as pets. Servals are wild animals. Native to many parts of Africa, servals roam savannahs and wetlands hunting for prey, and have a poor quality of life when kept as pets. These wild cats are not much bigger than a medium-size dog, but they still retain their wild instincts and are cunning escape artists. They are difficult to contain in a home or enclosure setting, and pose a risk to their keepers and the public, and even native wildlife if they escape. Their own safety is also in jeopardy in captivity. Escaped servals have died by being hit by cars or of starvation, since they never had the opportunity to learn how to hunt. In 2019, the BC SPCA seized 13 servals near Kamloops living in horrific conditions. Following months of specialized care, the BC SPCA received federal permits to send the servals to accredited sanctuaries in the U.S. The BC SPCA and over 6,600 supporters then campaigned the provincial Director, Fish & Wildlife to prohibit private serval ownership, breeding, display and importation through existing exotic animal regulations. However, no government action has been taken to date. Servals are strong, fast and have an incredible capacity for jumping. In the wild, servals will leap high into the air to catch flying birds, and can slap fish hard enough to stun them. They are not easily house-trained, and will frequently mark their territory with urine. It is extremely challenging to provide for the nutritional and veterinary needs of a wild cat like a serval in captivity. Without their needs met, they experience poor welfare. There are no accredited sanctuaries in Canada for servals. Their breeding is unregulated and animal welfare organizations are not equipped to house these wild cats. The BC SPCA has always opposed the declawing of cats. Declawing painfully removes the nails and bones of the toes – comparable to amputating human’s fingers at the last knuckle. In the past, servals were declawed when kept as pets, but declawing has since been banned by the College of Veterinarians of British Columbia (CVBC). This means servals pose an even greater risk to people and pets in the home. They may scratch while attempting to play, or out of frustration because their wild needs aren't met. The B.C. Government has the authority to designate certain animals as Controlled Alien Species to prohibit their breeding, sales and possession. Other dangerous cats such as tigers, lions, leopards, lynx, and bobcats cannot be kept as pets in B.C. Right now, servals are not on the Controlled Alien Species list, leading to their exploitation, suffering and unregulated breeding. Ask the Ministry to add servals to the Controlled Alien Species legislation - email the Director, Wildlife and Habitat. The BC SPCA encourages all municipalities and governments to adopt exotic pet laws that prohibit the keeping of servals and other exotic animals. [caption id="attachment_2480" align="aligncenter" width="1324"]

The Wildcat Sanctuary[/caption]

Subscribe to the BC SPCA's WildSense e-newsletter for more information:

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Question 11

Do you have gift cards?

Anna Tilley · Accepted Answer

YES! Gift cards are available for our online shop. Please note that gift cards can only be applied to products in the online store and can not be applied to adoption fees at this time.

Question 12

How do I adopt chickens from the BC SPCA?

Brandy Street · Accepted Answer

To adopt a chicken or any other animal from the BC SPCA, please visit our adoptions page. But before you decide to raise your own backyard chickens, please consider the following:

Does your municipality allow the keeping of backyard chickens?
What do chickens eat? What should you feed to chickens?
Do you have access to suitable veterinary care in your community?
What do you plan to do with your chickens once they stop laying eggs?
How will you protect your chickens from bad weather and natural predators?
What are you going to do with all that chicken poo?
What are the risks associated with owning chickens?

Get the answer to these and other important questions on our backyard chickens information page.

Question 13

​How do I find a good breeder?

Anna Tilley · Accepted Answer

If a breeder asks to meet you in a shopping mall, parking lot or somewhere else away from their breeding facility to get your new pet, DO NOT purchase from this person. puppy in pet store cage

Signs of a reputable breeder

Gladly shows you their entire home or facility where animals are kept, and introduces you to all their animals — both adults and offspring — including the mother of the pet you are considering purchasing
Openly talks about positive and negative traits of the breed
Provides veterinary records that show that the animals are healthy
The home or facility is clean and spacious, with the opportunity for the animals to receive regular exercise and socialization outside of their kennels/cages
The person breeding the animals specializes in one or two breeds
A good breeder will ask you questions about your lifestyle and experience to ensure you're a good match

Good breeders of puppies and kittens:

Do not breed females who are too young or too old. Generally dogs and cats should not be bred at less than 18 months and should only be bred once in every two heat cycles
Expose puppies and kittens to household noises and new experiences, ensure they are handled gently by many different people and are kept clean, warm and well fed
Send puppies and kittens to new homes at eight weeks of age or, preferably, at 10 weeks
Are knowledgeable about common heritable (genetic) disorders in the breed and will discuss how they breed and test to avoid the disorders
Provide, at no extra charge, valid paperwork for registration and veterinary records, including vaccinations and deworming, for the puppy or kitten you are purchasing
Ask you to return the puppy or kitten to them if it does not work out

Signs of a bad breeder

Agrees to sell you a puppy or a kitten without meeting you (e.g. over the phone) and doesn’t allow you to come and meet them and/or their animals before purchase
Sells their animals to pet stores or brokers
Has run-down or crowded facilities, is reluctant to show you their facilities or has dirty, unhealthy and/or fearful animals
Sells animals without vaccinations and deworming and veterinary check, or guarantees against health problems including genetic defects
Claims an animal is purebred but does not have the registration to prove it
Will not take an animal back if a problem arises or offers another animal if the first one gets sick, rather than helping with your veterinary bills

Question 14

How do I know if an animal is available or if they have already been adopted?

Anna Tilley · Accepted Answer

To view all available adoptable animals, please see our adoptable animal listings. When an animal is adopted, they will be removed from the listing (within 4 hours of adoption). Please note, even though this website is live and updates frequently, we cannot ensure the animal is still available for adoption when you arrive at the animal centre. There is a chance the animal may have been adopted by the time you arrive, or another party might be going through the adoption process at the time. For more information, please contact the animal centre caring for the animal, as listed on the animal's profile page.

Question 15

​How does the BC SPCA help horses?

Anna Tilley · Accepted Answer

Horses and farm animals come into the BC SPCA's care through our Animal Protection Services. Sadly, these horses are usually in poor condition. In many cases they require extensive nutritional, medical, and behavioural rehabilitation due to starvation, neglect and abuse. The BC SPCA cares for these horses in one of our three barn facilities: the Good Shepherd Barn in Surrey, the Kelowna Recovery and Adoption Barn, and the Nanaimo Seasted Stables, or places them in the care of an experienced foster home. The BC SPCA provides the care, treatment and time these horses need to recover before being adopted to new homes. To adopt a horse or any other animal from the BC SPCA, please visit our adoptions page. The BC SPCA does not have the resources to take in surrendered horses and farm animals at this time. We rely heavily on donations and our dedicated foster homes and boarding facilities to provide for the horses in our care. Our Science & Policy team advocates to protect and enhance the quality of life for all animals in British Columbia, including horses, through education and advocacy initiatives. We work to increase awareness of animal welfare issues, promote individual actions that lead to positive change, and press for evidence-based changes to standards, policies, and legislation to improve the lives of horses. person walking with horse outside

Question 16

​How long does it take to adopt an animal from the BC SPCA?

Anna Tilley · Accepted Answer

Every adoption is unique and the time it takes to adopt varies. Some animals can go home the same day if they are successfully matched. Visit our adoptable animals section to start your search today.

Question 17

​How much does caring for horses cost the BC SPCA?

Anna Tilley · Accepted Answer

It costs the BC SPCA $40 per day to care for a horse. In addition to this, there are other costs of care:

Intake exam and blood work when necessary: $250+
Hoof trimming every 4-6 weeks: $60 per trim
Internal and external parasite treatment/control: $35
Castration of intact male horses: $500-$1000
Other medical care/medications as needed

Horse at the BC SPCA's Good Shepherd barn in Surrey.

Question 18

​I'm interested in adopting a specific breed of animal, do you keep a wait list?

Anna Tilley · Accepted Answer

Due to the number of adoption queries we receive at our animal centres, we are unable to keep wait lists for certain breeds of animals, puppies or kittens. However, on our adoptable animals page, you can create an account and then set up an email notification when a certain breed of animal or certain type of animal becomes available for adoption. For best results, we recommend selecting as few criteria as possible when creating the email alert.

Question 19

Should I adopt or buy a dog online?​

Anna Tilley · Accepted Answer

Buying an animal you have never seen in person can be dangerous. In pictures and descriptions, the animal might appear to be cute, happy and healthy. However, once you've exchanged money and the animal is shipped to you, you might be in trouble - search for animals to adopt from your local BC SPCA animal centre instead.

Issues related to buying an animal you've never met

The animal might not be socialized to people or could have behaviour problems. This means they could bite or scratch and might never enjoy your company!
An animal that looks healthy can be deceiving. They could have worms, parasites or even genetic diseases with high costs and long-term heartache.
What if the animal isn't a good fit with you and your family? Are you prepared to put them through the process of being returned? What would you do instead?

If you're adopting from a rescue, make sure you meet the animal in person - even if you have to drive for many hours to do so. Ask the rescue some key questions to make sure this animal is a good fit for you and your family. If you're buying from a breeder, visit the breeder's home and facility. Do not trust pictures or scans of documents, these can easily be falsely created.

Question 20

​Should I buy a puppy from a pet store?

Anna Tilley · Accepted Answer

Read our position on the sale of pets from pet stores (PDF).

What are the concerns with buying from a pet store?

You don't know where the animals came from. What if they were living in filth and their mothers were abused or neglected? They might have costly genetic, health and behaviour problems their entire lives. Learn more about good and bad breeders.
Many stores carry animals that they have no expertise or knowledge to care for. These animals are not given the Five Freedoms. Many just want a safe place to hide and rest and enough space and things to do. Often, cramped housing conditions don’t meet even their most basic needs.
When animals are transported to the pet store, they are often in cramped containers. Many animals, especially small animals like fish and gerbils, will die during transport.
If you buy from a pet store, you are creating a space for another animal to be brought in, continuing a cycle of pain and suffering.

Puppy dog looking sad behind a gate cage

What happens to pet store animals who aren’t sold?

Just like with inventory in retail, animals go on sale. If the animal is marked down and no one purchases her, the store may give the animal away or try to return her to the breeder. After a very low cost sale of an animal that has high care costs, the store will think twice and will not purchase another, be it a puppy, turtle or gecko.

Are you worried about the well-being of an animal you saw in a pet store?

If you believe an animal you have seen may be in distress, call the BC SPCA Animal Helpline at 1-855-622-7722.

Question 21

​What does it cost to adopt an animal from the BC SPCA?

Anna Tilley · Accepted Answer

While being an animal guardian is an invaluable experience, there are certain costs associated with adopting your pet. The adoption fee that we charge helps to cover our cost of caring for animals, while we find them loving homes. Find out what's included and fees per animal type: Adoption Fees Young cute kitten being held cuddles up against girl

Young cute kitten being held cuddles up against girl

Question 22

What does it mean to foster an animal? How do I apply?

Anna Tilley · Accepted Answer

Fostering an animal means you take a BC SPCA animal into your home and temporarily care for them for us. While they’re in your home, we provide you with food, supplies and medical care. Foster families help animals recover from illness/ injuries, get ready for adoption, and provide them with socialization and love. If you are unsure about adopting an animal, or unable to make the commitment at this time, fostering can be a great way to bring animals into your life. You can also multiply your impact by caring for many animals during your time as an animal foster. While fostering is temporary, many foster families fall in love with animals in their care. If an animal is available to be adopted, fosters can apply to be their forever home. In the case of emergency boarding, fosters feel proud of providing a safe temporary home for animals before they are reunited with their family. Learn more about fostering injured dog

Question 23

​What is the BC SPCA's average cost of care for dogs and cats?

Anna Tilley · Accepted Answer

The average dog that comes into the care of the BC SPCA receives:

In-centre physical
Temperament assessment
Behaviour profile
First round of standard animal centre "core" vaccinations* (does not include rabies)
Flea and external parasite treatment as required
Routine deworming and other internal parasite treatment as required
Spay or neuter surgery
Medical treatment if required while in our care
Daily in-centre care and monitoring
Housing
Feeding
Cleaning and supplies

Average cost of care for dogs based on an average length of stay of nine days: $445. Please note that this is not the adoption fee. Adoption fees vary based on location. Please check with your nearest animal centre. *Standard "core" animal centre vaccinations for dogs include: distemper, adenovirus 2, parvovirus, parainfluenza and bordetella (kennel cough) A beautiful moment between a dog and a woman lying on a carpet indoors cuddling

A beautiful moment between a dog and a woman lying on a carpet indoors cuddling

The average cat that comes into the care of the BC SPCA receives:

In-centre physical
First round of standard animal centre "core" vaccinations** (does not include rabies)
Flea and external parasite treatment as required
Routine deworming and other internal parasite treatment as required
Spay or neuter surgery
Medical treatment if required while in our care
Daily in-centre care and monitoring
Hide, Perch & Go™ box
Housing
Feeding
Cleaning and supplies

Average cost of care for cats based on an average length of stay of 18 days: $455 Please note that this is not the adoption fee. Adoption fees vary based on location. Please check with your nearest animal centre. **Standard "core" animal centre vaccinations for cats include: rhinotracheitis, calicivirus and panleukopenia.

Question 24

How do I clean raccoon poop on my property?

Erin Ryan · Accepted Answer

Raccoons may establish a toilet or "latrine" site in backyards. Raccoons are not carriers of rabies in B.C., but their poop may contain raccoon roundworm eggs that can be dangerous to people and pets. Try using motion-sensor lights or sprinklers to prevent raccoons from using your backyard as a toilet. [caption id="attachment_122944" align="aligncenter" width="1650"]

Raccoon laying on a backyard tree branch

Photo credit: Patricia Holt[/caption]

To clean raccoon poop on your property:

Avoid direct contact with the feces, and wear gloves and a face mask for protection. Scoop the feces up using a plastic bag or shovel, close tightly and place in the garbage. Use heat to kill roundworm eggs:

Use boiling water to destroy any roundworm eggs on every surface or item that touched the feces.
If you can't use boiling water on the surface or item, using a 10% bleach solution will dislodge roundworm eggs so they can be rinsed away. Note that beach will not destroy roundworm eggs.
Flaming with a propane torch is also effective, but use with caution to avoid injury, damage, or starting a fire. Do not attempt to flame any surfaces that could melt or catch fire, and check the regulations of your local fire department and municipality in advance.

Find out more about preventing raccoon roundworm and identifying and cleaning raccoon latrines (CDC). If you need help getting a raccoon out of your house, call an AnimalKind company. For more information on managing raccoons, read or print our best practices (PDF). [caption id="attachment_122943" align="aligncenter" width="1650"]

Two raccoons playing in grass near rocks

Photo credit: Sam Gorick[/caption]

Question 25

How do I find a humane pest control company?

Erin Ryan · Accepted Answer

Any company can call themselves “humane” – but like many food-labelling claims, it doesn’t mean they are using animal-friendly methods. To help make your choice easy, the BC SPCA developed AnimalKind. AnimalKind is the first-ever animal welfare accreditation for pest control companies. AnimalKind companies meet the BC SPCA's science-based standards (PDF) and have to pass an audit before they are accredited. Call an AnimalKind company to help you with rodents and other wildlife in your home. If AnimalKind companies are not yet available in your area, make sure to ask the following questions before hiring a company:

“Do you trap and relocate wildlife?” A good wildlife control company prioritizes prevention and exclusion and only releases wildlife in their home range when exclusion techniques are not possible. In baby season, good companies will ensure all young are reunited with mom. Animals that are live trapped and removed from an interior space will be released within their home range.
“Do you use non-lethal techniques?” A good wildlife control company will control most wildlife non-lethally. However rodents such as mice and rats can cause significant health and safety issues and may need to be killed if prevention and exclusion techniques are limited, have been ineffective, or if the rodent population is a health and safety concern.
“If you kill rodents, what techniques do you use?” Never hire a company that uses glue traps or multi-catch traps that do not open. Glue traps cause significant suffering and often catch non-target animals. Multi-catch traps like the “ketch-all” do not open and there is no way to humanely kill the animals caught inside.
“What’s in the box?” Bait stations can hold snap traps, glue traps, or poisons or simply trap rodents inside without food or water, resulting in a slow death. Know what’s inside.

Thanks to the incredible advocacy of passionate wildlife lovers, on July 21, 2021, the province banned the sale and use of rodenticides containing the active ingredients brodifacoum, bromadiolone, or difethialone (known as second-generation anticoagulant rodenticides or SGARs). Exemptions are currently allowed for designated essential services and agricultural operators.

What is humane pest control?

When wild animals get into our yards and our homes, we sometimes call them "pests". Rodents are the most common cause for pest control in our houses, but sometimes animals like raccoons, deer, rabbits and pigeons get into trouble too. Even "pests" deserve to be treated humanely.

The best solution is to prevent the problem before it starts. Make sure you're not accidentally giving them food (like pet food, bird seed, fruit trees, fish ponds) or shelter. Make sure your garbage and compost is in wildlife-proof containers. Seal gaps or holes in sheds, crawl spaces, attics and porches before they become a comfy nest or den.

Wildlife removal

Trapping and relocating wildlife is not a permanent or humane solution. Trapping in the wrong season can also orphan babies. If you have to remove an animal, call an AnimalKind company that gently removes them instead of trapping/relocating or killing. If there are no AnimalKind companies in your area, use the questions above to find a humane pest control company. Learn more about urban wildlife. [caption id="attachment_7216" align="aligncenter" width="825"]

Photo by Liron Gertsman[/caption]

Glueboards, poisons and snap traps

Glueboards or glue traps are plastic or metal trays coated with glue designed to catch rodents. These traps are legal and can be found in stores, but they cause rodents and other animals to suffer tremendously. Birds, small wildlife and even pets can get caught in this sticky situation. Never use glueboards! Rodent poisons or "rodenticides" are used widely, but they cause a slow and painful death. Rodenticides are also dangerous for owls, eagles and even cats that eat poisoned rodents. Snap traps cause a quick death for mice and rats, but can be dangerous to wildlife and pets unless they are kept in a locked box or wall interior. Call an AnimalKind company if you need help with mice and rats in your home. [caption id="attachment_2798" align="aligncenter" width="825"] black box for rodent poison glue board traps

black box for rodent poison glue board traps

Poisons and glueboards can be hidden in boxes like this[/caption]

What is "humane"?

Any company can call themselves "humane" - but like many food-labelling claims, it doesn't necessarily mean they are using animal-friendly methods. In May 2021, thanks to a grant from the Vancouver Foundation, we conducted a poll* of 860 BC residents and learned “humane pest control” is still misunderstood. The term “humane” used in pest control still varies in definitions among BC residents surveyed since our last 2015 poll**. When asked, what do you think the term ‘humane’ means in terms of pest control? Respondents could choose more than one response and they said ‘humane’ is: [caption id="attachment_99990" align="alignnone" width="1416"] What does “humane” mean to the BC public chart

What does “humane” mean to the BC public chart

*Stratcom poll conducted for the BC SPCA May 5-13, 2021 (n=860, margin of error +/-3.5%, 19 times out of 20)
**Vision Critical poll conducted for the BC SPCA September 2015 (n=803, margin of error ±3.4%, 19 times out of 20)[/caption]

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Question 26

​There is a cull happening in my community, can you stop it?

Anna Tilley · Accepted Answer

The BC SPCA can't stop a legally-permitted cull of free-living wildlife from happening in your community. However, the BC SPCA can intervene if the killing methods are inhumane (by law) or if animals are in distress. If you witness an animal in distress during a cull, call our Animal Helpline at 1-855-622-7722. Document evidence by taking videos or photos, but do not trespass on private property or put yourself in danger. The BC SPCA is opposed to culling animals when there is no evidence to support it, or it can't be done humanely. The BC SPCA's primary approach to wildlife conflicts is coexistence, and changing human behaviour to prevent problems. International and BC SPCA experts agree there are many steps that must first be taken to justify ethical wildlife control.

Deer culls

The BC SPCA recommends using non-lethal strategies to solve human-deer conflict. Communities should aim to prevent conflict by educating residents about coexisting with urban deer. Culling is an inefficient, short-term solution and should not be a default practice. Read our position statement on urban deer. Download our urban deer pamphlet (PDF). [caption id="attachment_2139" align="aligncenter" width="825"] Wild deer on dried grass buck and young deer looking at each other

Wild deer on dried grass buck and young deer looking at each other

Photo credit: Karen Guy[/caption]

Geese and other bird culls

The BC SPCA recommends hazing and environmental modifications to prevent conflicts with birds, as well as providing education that discourages feeding by the public. When appropriate, fertility control is a non-lethal way to limit reproduction, though permits are generally required. Read our best practice sheets for:

[caption id="attachment_2049" align="aligncenter" width="1600"]

Group of wild canada geese with a parent and four cute goslings by water on the grass

Photo credit: Heather Marie Toews[/caption]

Wolf culls

Wolf culls in B.C. and Alberta have drawn significant criticism. Experts criticize the inhumane methods and lack of evidence that killing wolves will save caribou or other species. Culling can break up wolf pack structures and create an imbalance with other species in the area. Even with skilled shooters, shooting wolves from helicopters can cause stress and death may not be quick and painless. Read our position statement on predator control. [caption id="attachment_6962" align="aligncenter" width="825"]

Photo by Grayson Pettigrew[/caption]

Question 27

​What do I do if my dog gets sprayed by a skunk, how can I remove the smell?

Emira Mears · Accepted Answer

It is pretty common for a dog to get skunked – they’re curious creatures and that can lead to a spritz or a full-on soaking of an intense, foul-smelling spray from the skunk.

How to remove skunk smell:

1 litre of 3 per cent hydrogen peroxide
¼ cup baking soda
1 tsp liquid dish soap, such as Dawn

Combine ingredients and shampoo your pet. Rinse with water and repeat if necessary. Skunk spray is often centred around the facial area. Avoid your pet's eyes when using the solution on the face. If any product does get into your pet’s eyes, it’s important to rinse the area very well.

In future, be proactive

Skunks are nocturnal animals with poor eyesight and limited climbing skills. They only use their spray as a last resort when startled, cornered, or attacked. If you see a skunk, back away slowly and quietly to avoid a spray. Keep your dog on a leash when you’re out walking in low light. Learn more about coexisting with skunks. [caption id="attachment_120803" align="aligncenter" width="825"] Two baby skunks walking across green lawn

Two baby skunks walking across green lawn

Photo credit: Sabrina Brown[/caption]

Question 28

Do fish feel pain?

Meghann Cant · Accepted Answer

Though some are still skeptical, evidence that fish can feel pain has been growing for decades. It has now reached a point where the sentience of fish (their ability to perceive, experience and feel) is acknowledged by leading scientists and organizations around the world. For instance:

“…there is as much evidence that fish feel pain and suffer as there is for birds and mammals…”

- Dr. Victoria Braithwaite, author of Do Fish Feel Pain?

“The evidence of pain and fear system function in fish is so similar to that in humans and other mammals that it is logical to conclude that fish feel fear and pain. Fish are sentient beings.”

- Dr. Donald Broom, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge

“…it would be impossible for fish to survive as the cognitively and behaviourally complex animals they are without a capacity to feel pain.”

- Dr. Culum Brown, editor of The Journal of Fish Biology

“…the preponderance of accumulated evidence supports the position that finfish should be accorded the same considerations as terrestrial vertebrates in regard to relief from pain.”

- American Veterinary Medical Association

Like other animals, fish respond to painful events with changes in their behaviour and physiology. While the parts of their brain involved in the pain response are not anatomically the same as in mammals, for example, their function is very similar. Pain teaches fish to avoid things that cause them harm, helping them to respond effectively to their environment and, ultimately, to survive.

Question 29

​​Does the BC SPCA have a policy on keeping wild or exotic pets in classrooms?

Anna Tilley · Accepted Answer

Classrooms are an unnatural and stressful setting for wild or exotic animals. Seeing these animals outside of their natural wild habitat does not provide educational benefits and will likely lead to their early death. Also, wild and exotic animals can carry diseases that may be passed onto children, who are still developing their immune systems. There are many ways to experience and appreciate wild and exotic animals in nature, online or through documentaries. Compassion starts young, so let's keep animals in nature. Read our positions on animals in schools, educational visits using animals, exotic pets and wildlife welfare.

Question 30

Is it bad to boil lobsters?

Meghann Cant · Accepted Answer

Research suggests that lobsters (along with other decapod crustaceans such as crabs) have the capacity to feel pain. While some believe the science is inconclusive, others consider the evidence as strong as the evidence for pain in fish. The BC SPCA believes that it is best to err on the side of caution by avoiding potentially painful practices such as boiling these animals alive. Instead, we recommend that lobsters be humanely killed by trained and competent personnel before purchase. Humanely killing a lobster is typically a two-step process: the animal is first rendered insensible (incapable of feeling pain) before being killed.

Question 31

Is it bad to feed birds?

Erin Ryan · Accepted Answer

The BC SPCA generally doesn’t recommend feeding wildlife – but what about bird feeders? Although common worldwide, bird feeding does carry risks. In the absence of disease outbreaks, feed birds only in harsh winter conditions, and follow these tips:

Prevent disease - clean up spills and clean feeders regularly using a 9:1 (10%) bleach solution. Take feeders down during disease outbreaks, like salmonella or avian influenza.
Avoid window strikes - set up feeders very close to windows (within 1 m) to minimize collisions. Use window protection products to prevent birds from colliding with windows.
Keep cats inside - collar bells will not stop cats from killing birds.
Don't feed other animals - bird seed can attract animals like mice, rats, squirrels, raccoons, deer or bears. Clean up spilled seed and make your bird feeder inaccessible to other animals.

In the warmer months, there are usually abundant natural food sources available for birds. You can also attract birds to your yard naturally with native plants and well-managed bird baths and bird houses. Feeding hummingbirds has special considerations - read more about hummingbird feeders and how to make hummingbird nectar. Read our position statement on wildlife feeding. [caption id="attachment_2098" align="aligncenter" width="1600"] Close up shot of pileated woodpecker eating

Close up shot of pileated woodpecker eating

Photo credit: Harold Vos[/caption]

Question 32

Is it bad to feed wildlife?

Anna Tilley · Accepted Answer

Don't feed the wildlife. The BC SPCA is generally opposed to the feeding of wild animals. Wild animals suffer when they get used to eating human food instead of their natural diet. When people feed wildlife, the animals also lose their healthy fear of people. This increases their chances of being injured or killed. Some municipalities have bylaws against feeding wildlife. Keep wildlife healthy and wild! Don't share your food, garbage, compost or litter. Read or print our brochure: Don't Feed the Animals (PDF). What about birds? Read more about feeding birds and hummingbird feeders. [caption id="attachment_2062" align="aligncenter" width="825"] Two wild geese in murky muddy water

Photo credit: Paula Simson[/caption]

Question 33

Is it okay to feed hummingbirds?

Erin Ryan · Accepted Answer

Nectar feeders provide a food source for hummingbirds in winter, but they must be cleaned regularly and kept fresh and full. It's important to take this commitment seriously! Feeders often attract unusually large numbers of hummingbirds to one area - this can be a joy to watch, but also means any fungus or bacteria in the feeder will affect many birds. These infections can cause their tongues to swell and often result in death, a sad outcome for birds and bird lovers. Feeders that are left empty or left to freeze can also lead to starvation for the birds that have come to rely on them. [caption id="attachment_13489" align="aligncenter" width="825"]

Use a bright red feeder instead of food colouring. Photo credit: Michael Hammond[/caption] If you commit to winter feeding, you must commit fully. Non-migratory hummingbirds may come to rely on this food source and will suffer if it is interrupted. Don't put hummingbird feeders out if you're not prepared to clean and maintain them. If you're not ready for this serious commitment, bring you nectar feeders in starting in September, before their fall migration. Hummingbirds are smart and adaptable, and this will give them time to find another food source before winter hits. Clean feeders with a solution of one part white vinegar to four parts water about once a week. Change the nectar solution every few days, ensure it never freezes, and can be provided through the whole winter. Have a friend or neighbour check your feeder if you're away. In harsh temperatures, you may need to bring your feeder in at night to prevent freezing - this won't disrupt the hummingbirds if the feeder is put back out first thing in the morning. You might want to keep two feeders handy so you can alternate between them. To make nectar:

boil water for two minutes
mix one part white sugar to four parts water
allow mixture to cool before filling feeder
never use honey, sweeteners, molasses, brown or raw sugar
don't add red food colouring or other products

While there are many different recipes available online, this is the only one we can recommend, and use at our own Wild Animal Rehabilitation Centre. White sugar is closest to the sugars they find in nature, other types of sugars or recipes could make them sick and die. [caption id="attachment_36187" align="aligncenter" width="1637"]

Photo credit: Mary-Jean Payeur[/caption] Even in winter, do not change the ratio of sugar to water. Adding more sugar may help prevent freezing, but it's not healthy for these sensitive little birds. Read more about feeding birds and other wildlife (PDF).

Question 34

Is the BC SPCA opposed to fishing?

Meghann Cant · Accepted Answer

As an animal welfare organization, the BC SPCA acknowledges that recreational fishing for food and for sport is an important activity to many Canadians. We believe that recreational fishing -- like hunting -- should be carried out in an ethical, humane, responsible and sustainable manner by qualified and experienced anglers, who abide by applicable laws and regulations. The best possible angling practices and handling methods that minimize stress should be employed, together with the use of gear that causes the least amount of injury and pain. When fish are caught to be eaten, they should be killed humanely. The handling methods and equipment used should ensure that fear and pain are kept to absolutely minimal levels prior to and during killing. When catching and releasing fish, anglers should take into account how much the fish is likely to suffer, and how likely the fish is to survive. Ultimately, catch-and-harvest may be preferable to catch-and-release, given how poorly fish can fare after they are released. Studies have shown that, depending on the species and method of capture, post-release mortality can range from 0 to 95 per cent. [caption id="attachment_42654" align="aligncenter" width="825"] Sockeye salmon in river

Photo credit: Fernando Fessa[/caption]

Question 35

What can I do with an old fur coat?

Anna Tilley · Accepted Answer

NOTE: The BC SPCA's Wild ARC is NOT currently able to accept fur coat donations. The sad facts about fur are hard to ignore, and many people are looking to make their home more fur-free. Sometimes this is as small as fur trim on a sweater, hat, or other accessory, or sometimes it's an entire coat inherited from a family member. If you want to re-purpose or re-home old furs, consider these options:

Remove fur trim

Simply removing the fur is the easiest way to reclaim your clothes. Enlist the help of a local tailor for more complicated projects that might require expert removal and repair. Ask to keep any fur trimmings so you can ensure they stay out of the fashion industry.

Donate fur

The BC SPCA is frequently contacted from people wishing to donate their fur coats to Wild ARC and other wildlife rehabilitation centres. This has been so successful over the last few years that many now have an overabundance of furs! Unfortunately, furs can't be cleaned the same way as other textiles - for the safety of our patients, they have to be discarded once soiled. Please note Wild ARC is NOT currently able to accept fur donations. Research and consider donating to local animal protection groups or museums, who sometimes have educational uses for fur. Communities living in the Arctic may also have a need for fur donations. Fur is considered a necessity in this part of Canada, where temperatures can drop below zero for nine months of the year and can get as cold as -65C with the windchill. Fur and leather are also very expensive in the Arctic, so donating fur coats is a positive way to support northern communities.

Fur burial

For some people, simply laying the fur to rest is one way to find peace. Find somewhere acceptable to hold a small ceremony and bury the fur, first removing any synthetic components.

Question 36

A bird flew into my window, how can I help?

Anna Tilley · Accepted Answer

If you find a bird that has struck a window, take note of any obvious signs of injury. Place the bird in a cardboard box with air holes and a secure lid. Make sure the box is just large enough for the bird to extend their wings (not too big, not too small). Put the closed box in a safe, quiet and dark place. Contact your local wildlife rehabilitation centre or call the BC SPCA Animal Helpline at 1-855-622-7722 for advice. Do not give the bird food or water. Even if they become more active, do not let the bird go once you have contained them. Birds often have internal injuries after hitting a window, and will need help. Learn more about how to prevent bird-window collisions, and buy decals and tape for your windows to help birds. [caption id="attachment_2174" align="aligncenter" width="825"] Wild purple hummingbird flying towards purple flowers

Wild purple hummingbird flying towards purple flowers

Photo credit: Alice Sun[/caption]

Question 37

​A deer has been injured, can it be helped?

Anna Tilley · Accepted Answer

If you have found an injured deer fawn or believe a fawn may be orphaned, call our Animal Helpline at 1-855-622-7722 or the Conservation Officer Service at 1-877-952-7277 (RAPP). They will help you assess the animal and find a wildlife rehabilitator. Unfortunately, wildlife rehabilitators can't often help injured adult deer, as they are too high-stress to keep in a captive setting. Even when injured, they can be very dangerous because of their size and strength. If you can approach an injured adult deer and they don't run away, they are likely too badly injured to survive. Call your local RCMP or Conservation Officer Service to humanely euthanize an injured adult deer. Read more about rescuing wild animals. [caption id="attachment_7281" align="aligncenter" width="825"]

Photo by Tania Simpson[/caption]

Question 38

​Can I do a practicum with the BC SPCA for credit?

Anna Tilley · Accepted Answer

Yes, some school programs will give you credit for volunteering with the BC SPCA. Practicums at Wild ARC are available for university and professional training credits. Practicums at the Vancouver Branch are also available to university students if registered through the University of British Columbia. High-school work experience may also be available at your local BC SPCA branch. Contact them directly for details. Veterinary and registered animal health technologist externships may also be available at certain BC SPCA Hospitals and Clinics. Contact them directly for details.

Practicum student feeding deer fawns at Wild ARC

Question 39

​How can I help a duck or goose family trying to cross the street?

Anna Tilley · Accepted Answer

After ducklings and goslings hatch, their parents walk the babies (who can't fly yet) to nearby water sources. Sometimes the families get stuck at road medians if they try to cross a highway or busy street. This creates a tricky situation where both the animals and the rescuers might be in danger. Trying to herd the family can cause them to panic and run into traffic, and rescuers may disrupt traffic or risk their own safety. The best way to help duck or geese families trying to cross the street is to contact local police for help stopping traffic. Once traffic is stopped, slowly and calmly herd the babies and parents to safety. Only try to capture the family if necessary for their safety. If the parents (or babies) panic and scatter, the rescue and reunion can become complicated. Call our Animal Helpline at 1-855-622-7722 for help with wildlife issues, including advice on how best to help duck or goose families. [caption id="attachment_105985" align="aligncenter" width="1650"]

Photo credit: Sasha Stephanian[/caption]

Question 40

How can I help ducks or geese nesting on a roof?

Anna Tilley · Accepted Answer

Baby ducks and geese can usually make their own way down from a nest on a roof. But, they may need your help if:

The building is more than six meters (two storeys) in height
There is a barrier higher than 13 cm preventing them from hopping down
The ground below is concrete, cement or other hard material

In any of the above cases, call the BC SPCA Animal Helpline at 1-855-622-7722 to help you develop a rescue plan. [caption id="attachment_2048" align="aligncenter" width="825"] Wild canada goose with four cute goslings by water on the grass

Wild canada goose with four cute goslings by water on the grass

Photo credit: Heather Marie Toews[/caption]

Question 41

How can I help wildlife during wildfire season?

Erin Ryan · Accepted Answer

What do wildfires mean for wildlife? Just like people, wildfires also impact wildlife. Wild animals have developed strategies to fly, run or bury themselves to escape from fires, but the change in habitat and food resources will have a lasting impact for generations. Especially for fires that occur near urban and suburban areas, you may see wild animals passing through or resting in your yard as they search for safety. During wildfire season, or in times of severe drought, you can help wild animals:

Wildfire flames burning edge of dry grass

If you do find a wild animal in trouble as a result of a fire, they need help as soon as possible. Before trying to rescue them, make sure they need your help. Trying to catch a wild animal that's just resting will scare them, wasting precious energy that may be needed to escape a spreading fire. A wild animal might need help if:

There are obvious signs of injury (burns, blood, wounds, etc.)
They have been hit by a car, hit a window, or been caught by a pet
They seem ‘sleepy’ or don’t respond when you approach
They seem dizzy or disoriented, or stumble and fall when they move
They are a baby and have been crying for a long time, are covered in bugs, or are cold and not moving very much

If you're not sure whether a wild animal needs help, call your nearest wildlife rehabilitation centre, or the BC SPCA Animal Helpline at 1-855-622-7722, for advice. Learn more about how you can help pets and other animals during wildfire evacuations. [caption id="attachment_79230" align="aligncenter" width="1200"]

Frog covered in ash in hands of firefighters

Photo credit: Coleman Gower[/caption]

Question 42

​My cat caught a bird, what do I do?

Anna Tilley · Accepted Answer

Cats have bacteria in their mouths that can kill a bird if it is not treated with specialized antibiotics. Even if the bird doesn't look injured, a small scratch or puncture can kill them. Do not try to treat the bird yourself. Gently contain the bird in a well-ventilated box and bring them to your nearest wildlife rehabilitation centre in British Columbia. Still need help? Read more about rescuing wild animals or call the BC SPCA Animal Helpline at 1-855-622-7722 for advice. Read more about preventing problems between cats and birds, or about pets and wildlife (PDF). [caption id="attachment_2090" align="aligncenter" width="825"] Wild northern flicker bird flying away from berry branch

Wild northern flicker bird flying away from berry branch

Photo credit: Tania Simpson[/caption]

Question 43

​I found a baby animal, what should I do?

Anna Tilley · Accepted Answer

Whether it's a baby bird, squirrel, deer, seal, raccoon or skunk, a baby animal's best chance for survival is with its mother. Finding a baby animal doesn't always mean they're in trouble - many times, you won't need to do anything at all. However, if the baby is hurt or sick, or you know the mother is dead, they will need help right away. Learn more about what to do if you have...

If you have found a baby wild animal and you don't know what to do, contact your local wildlife rehabilitation centre or call our Animal Helpline at 1-855-622-7722 for advice. They can advise you on how to tell when they need help or how to return the baby safely.

Can I touch a baby animal?

Birds have a poor sense of smell and will not reject babies touched by people. This means you may be able to place baby birds back in their nest. Mammals have a much more keen sense of smell, however, they are also very dedicated parents. A reunion may still be possible – under the guidance of a wildlife rehabilitator – even when babies have been handled by people. Before handling any animals, call your local wildlife rehabilitation centre or our Animal Helpline at 1-855-622-7722 for advice on how to reunite baby animals with their mothers.

Should I feed a baby animal?

Never attempt to feed a baby animal, this usually does more harm than good. Wild animals require professional care, and it is illegal for you to keep and care for a wild animal. Read more about rescuing wild animals.

Baby cottontail rabbit on red towel at Wild ARC

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Question 44

​I found a baby bird, what do I do?

Anna Tilley · Accepted Answer

A baby bird may be blown out of a nest by wind or rain, or even dropped after a failed predatory attack. If the bird isn't hurt, you can place it back in the nest. Unlike mammals, birds have a poor sense of smell and will not reject babies touched by people. Watch the nest for one to two hours to confirm the parents are coming back to feed the baby. If the parents don't return, or the baby bird is hurt, contact your local wildlife rehabilitation centre or call the BC SPCA Animal Helpline at 1-855-622-7722 for advice. Sometimes parents will reject baby birds if there is something wrong with them, or they are too weak.

In the spring and summer, you may see healthy-looking birds on the ground that can't fly. These young birds are called fledglings. Birds at this age are just learning how to fly. The parent birds are usually close by for protection, but will not feed the fledglings as often. This makes the young birds hungry so they hop out of the nest to explore. Try to keep the area safe while these birds learn how to fly. Keep cats and dogs inside or on leash, and leave the area undisturbed. If the birds are in an unsafe area, like a road or parking lot, call the BC SPCA Animal Helpline for advice at 1-855-622-7722. Read our care sheet found a baby bird (PDF) and find out more about what to do if you find a baby bird. Read more about rescuing wild animals.

Gulls

Gulls often nest on the flat roofs of commercial or apartment buildings. Most times, the young gulls will fly off with their parents when they are ready. As the young gulls are learning to fly, sometimes they jump or tumble from the roof before they are able to fly well. When this happens, they often land in an unsafe location and are unable to fly to safety. If a young gull is stuck in an area without food for more than a day, and you do not see adult gulls coming down to bring food to the baby, it might need to be rescued. In this case, contact your local wildlife rehabilitation centre or call the BC SPCA Animal Helpline for advice at 1-855-622-7722. Read more about rescuing wild animals.

Wild gull on beach with sea star in mouth

Question 45

I found a baby deer alone in a field/garden/backyard - do they need help?

Anna Tilley · Accepted Answer

[caption id="attachment_2647" align="aligncenter" width="825"] deer fawn lying down on ground

This deer fawn doesn't need help - he's hiding quietly until mom comes back.[/caption] Every year, wildlife rehabilitators care for healthy fawns that were thought to be orphaned. It is normal for a mother deer to leave a fawn alone for periods of time. They come back only a few times a day to feed the baby, who waits quietly while hiding from predators. If you find a fawn lying quietly, and you are worried they have been abandoned, don't disturb them. Check on the fawn from a distance for the next 24 hours - the mother will likely return and move the baby to a new spot. If the fawn has not moved after 24 hours, starts to cry, is wandering aimlessly, or looks injured, contact a wildlife rehabilitator right away. If the fawn is in an unsafe location, move them gently to a safe spot very close by so they won't get hurt. Print our card on what to do if you find a deer fawn (PDF). Read more about rescuing wild animals. Infographic - what to do if you find a baby deer fawn

Infographic - what to do if you find a baby deer fawn

Question 46

I found a baby rabbit, what do I do?

Nadia Xenakis · Accepted Answer

Wild eastern cottontail rabbits nest in shallow depressions in grassy areas, which make baby rabbits vulnerable to lawn-mowers, dogs and free-roaming cats. Baby rabbits found alone don’t always need help – it’s normal for a mother rabbit to leave her babies alone and hidden in the nest for long periods of time. She will typically come back only a few times a day to feed the babies who wait quietly while hiding from predators. Not sure if they're a wild rabbit or a domestic feral rabbit? Learn more about telling the species apart or take a picture and call your local wildlife rehabilitation centre or the BC SPCA Animal Helpline at 1-855-622-7722 for advice. [caption id="attachment_85075" align="alignnone" width="1650"] Baby cottontail sleeping

Sleeping baby cottontail too young to be without a returning parent[/caption] Eastern cottontails are born pink and hairless, but develop dark fur very early. They have stubby noses, large ears relative to the size of their head, and their ears lay flat against their body. They have short tails (less than half body length), and front legs shorter than their back legs. All this combined gives eastern cottontail babies the appearance of a “baby hippo”. A baby rabbit will need help if they:

have obvious signs of injury (blood, wounds etc.)
have been caught by a cat or dog
are orphaned (do a parent test to confirm)

For minor disturbances, babies too young to be on their own can be placed back in the nest with the original nesting material - do a parent test to check that mom has returned. With parental care confirmed, it will only take a couple of weeks for the babies to grow up enough to leave the nest. Keep pets away and hold off on any more yard work until this time. If you’re unsure if they need help, or the babies (and any adults) are obviously injured (e.g., bleeding, broken limbs), call your local wildlife rehabilitation centre or the BC SPCA Animal Helpline at 1-855-622-7722 for advice. Young eastern cottontails may appear very small, but they’re ready to be on their own very quickly! These rabbits are very close to being able to survive on their own but are still too young to be without a returning parent - their pinned back ears and long bodies are tell-tale signs they still need to be cared for. [caption id="attachment_85075" align="alignnone" width="1650"] Baby cottontail rabbit in grass

Photo credit: Norm Shulz[/caption] This young rabbit is fine to be on their own - their ears are up and alert and their body is round and shaped like a tennis ball. To find out if a baby rabbit is truly orphaned, do a parent test.

Steps to do a parent test:

Place pieces of long grass or thin twigs in a grid (tic-tac-toe) over the nest - use natural material rather than synthetic, and do not use heavier materials as the mother rabbit is unlikely to move them during her brief and delicate visits.
Don’t add anything extra like food or coverings – because rabbits are prey species, new scents may scare the mom from returning, and supplemental food is not necessary and could upset their delicate systems.
Take a photo of the nest with the grid in place.
Wait 24 hours.
Take another photo of the grid and compare it to the first.
If the grid has been disturbed, the mom has come back to care for her babies. If the grid has not changed, the babies may need to go to a wildlife rehabilitator.

If you are having trouble assessing before and after photos when conducting a parent test, get in touch with your local wildlife rehabilitation centre or call the BC SPCA Animal Helpline for help at 1-855-622-7722. [caption id="attachment_120883" align="aligncenter" width="1280"]

A great example of a parent test using dandelions gently placed on top of a nest[/caption]

Dead bird reporting

Birds are susceptible to diseases such as West Nile virus and avian influenza. To monitor bird health in British Columbia, reports of sick and dead wild birds are of interest to federal and provincial government agencies. The B.C. Wild Bird Mortality Investigation Protocol & Avian Influenza Surveillance Program coordinates the surveillance of diseases and deaths throughout the province. Report sightings of dead wild birds by reading the Wild Bird Mortality & Avian Influenza Surveillance Program (PDF) information sheet and calling 1-866-431-BIRD (2473). Sick or injured birds should be taken to a permitted wildlife rehabilitation centre as soon as possible. Read more about how to rescue a wild animal. Still need help? Contact your local wildlife rehabilitation centre or the BC SPCA Animal Helpline at 1-855-622-7722 for advice about how to help sick or injured birds. Learn more about HPAI and ways to reduce transmission in your own backyard.

Bird bands

If you find a dead bird with a band or coloured markers, record the letters and numbers and contact the Wild Bird Mortality & Avian Influenza Surveillance Program at 1-866-431-BIRD (2473). The North American Bird Banding Program collects information on the distribution and movement of species to help wildlife scientists monitor and conserve migratory bird populations. You can contribute by also reporting the band number online at reportband.gov or by calling 1-800-327-BAND (2263) toll-free to leave a message. Pigeons are not banded as part of the North American Bird Banding Program. A pigeon with a leg band is likely a domestic pigeon and their band will have letters representing a racing association who can help to get in touch with the owner. Learn more about bird banding. [caption id="attachment_127142" align="alignnone" width="825"]

Photo credit: Alyssa H (left) and Alan Clarke (right)[/caption]

Question 51

I saw a bird with a band around their leg, what is it and what do I do?

Erin Ryan · Accepted Answer

If you spot a bird with a metal band or coloured markers, it's no accident. The North American Bird Banding Program is jointly administered by the Canadian Wildlife Service and U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). More than 1.2 million birds are banded in Canada and the U.S. each year! When banded birds are seen days, weeks, months or even years later, this data helps wildlife scientists monitor and conserve migratory bird populations by providing information on the distribution and movement of species. Your contribution is important - the program relies on the public to report bands and other markers they see. You can help by reporting birds online at reportband.gov or call toll-free 1-800-327-BAND (2263) to leave a message. Taking a photo can help you to read the band numbers, but don't try to chase or catch wild birds just to read a band. It may take a few sightings to get the complete band number. [caption id="attachment_118600" align="aligncenter" width="1650"]

A tundra swan with a coloured band flies over water

Swan with a coloured band. Photo credit: John Fox[/caption] After your information has been submitted, a certificate of appreciation including the bird's banding information will be emailed to you. The program will also let the bird bander know when and where the bird was seen. Some birds released from Wild ARC are banded as part of this federal program, which means we occasionally get updates on sightings of former patients. While out for a walk, a Wild ARC staff member noticed two mallards sporting silver leg bands. With lots of photos from various angles and a bit of detective work, the pair were confirmed to be former patients who had come to Wild ARC as orphans in the spring of 2022. [caption id="attachment_118596" align="aligncenter" width="1628"]

Pair of mallard ducks - male and female - with metal leg bands

Photo credit: Alyssa H[/caption] We are always thrilled to see these former patients thriving in the wild with their own kind. Pigeons are not banded as part of the North American Bird Banding Program. If you find a banded pigeon, they are likely a domestic pigeon that has become lost or tired. Generally, pigeon bands have letters representing a racing association who can help to get in touch with the owner:

Learn more about the North American Bird Banding Program:

Canadian Wildlife Service
U.S. Geological Survey

[caption id="attachment_126478" align="alignnone" width="1920"]

Photo Credit: Alan Clarke[/caption]

Question 52

Can I move a bird nest?

Anna Tilley · Accepted Answer

It is typically illegal to disturb a bird's nest with eggs or chicks inside. The best solution is to wait a few weeks until the babies grow up. If there is a nest in an area that causes problems (above a building entrance, in a vent) you may need a permit from Environment Canada to move the nest legally. For species-specific information on managing birds, read our best practices. If you have more questions about a nest of birds, call the BC SPCA Animal Helpline at 1-855-622-7722 for advice.

Question 53

​Crows are dive-bombing me, help!

Anna Tilley · Accepted Answer

When young crows are learning how to fly, they may spend up to a week on the ground building up their flight muscles. The parents will watch from close by and try to protect their young - sometimes dive-bombing people who get too close. Unless the young crow is hurt or in a dangerous place, you can leave the crow alone. If you watch and listen, you'll hear the young crows begging for food and see the parents come down to care for them. Avoid walking near the fledgling crow, keep pets on a leash and warn others in the area. If you have to pass through, carry an open umbrella as an extra barrier. Don't worry - the parents will leave you alone as soon the young crow can fly away with them. Read more about why crows attack and what you can do to protect yourself. [caption id="attachment_49187" align="aligncenter" width="1650"]

Photo credit: Colleen Wilson[/caption]

Question 54

​I saw a coyote in the city, what should I do?

Anna Tilley · Accepted Answer

Coyote sightings in the city are normal, even during the day. You can help prevent conflicts by respecting their space and being a responsible pet guardian. Feeding coyotes causes them to lose their healthy fear of people - keep your garbage secure and don't leave food outdoors. If you see a coyote, scare them away by yelling, stamping your feet and waving your arms. Make lots of noise and try to look big. This may feel silly, but will help the coyote avoid problems in the future. If pets can't be kept indoors, make sure they come in at night to keep them safe. Report a coyote sighting in Metro Vancouver or read more about coexisting with coyotes. Call the Conservation Officer Service at 1-877-952-7277 to report an aggressive or threatening coyote. [caption id="attachment_117856" align="aligncenter" width="1650"]

Coyote walking through fallen leaves at playground

Photo credit: Trevor Clark[/caption]

Question 55

​Is it a baby duck or a baby goose?

Anna Tilley · Accepted Answer

Ever wonder how to tell ducklings and goslings apart? At first glance they look similar, but they have distinct differences in colour and size. Mallard ducklings are much smaller than Canada Goose goslings. Mallard ducklings have dark chocolate brown and yellow markings with a dark line through their eye. Goslings are an olive-green and yellow colour, and do not have the dark line through their eye. [caption id="attachment_3019" align="aligncenter" width="825"] canada geese and mallard ducklings together

canada geese and mallard ducklings together

Spot the difference - Canada geese on the left, mallard ducklings on the right[/caption] If you find a duckling or gosling wandering alone, with no adults or other babies nearby, they need help. Contact your local wildlife rehabilitation centre or our Animal Helpline at 1-855-622-7722.

Question 56

What do you do if you see a bear?

Erin Ryan · Accepted Answer

Seeing a bear from a safe distance can be a thrilling experience, but what do you do in a surprise encounter with a bear? Bears are omnivores that eat mostly berries and fish. Their habitats often overlap with ours in places like parks, resorts, hiking trails, or simply our backyards. Bear attacks are very rare - most of the time, they are happy to go unseen by people and will move along on their own. They can lose their healthy fear of people if we're not careful with our food and garbage, or they may feel threatened if people come too close to their babies. If you encounter a bear in the wild or in the city, remember to:

Mother bears are protective of their young, so do not approach a baby bear, as mom will be watching from close by. Never try to out-run a bear or climb trees to escape. Read more about living with bears in B.C.

Black bears vs. grizzly bears

B.C. is home to two kinds of bears - black bears and grizzly bears. Despite their name, black bears can be black, brown, silver, cinnamon or even white (called "Kermode" or "spirit" bears). They are adept tree climbers with large ears, short claws, a long nose, and don't have a shoulder hump like grizzly bears. Black bears are the most common type of bear near B.C.'s largest cities. [caption id="attachment_7369" align="alignleft" width="825"]

Black bear with two cubs. Photo credit: Liron Gertsman[/caption] Grizzly bears are sometimes called brown bears, but they can also be black, brown, or blond. They have relatively small ears, long claws, a dish-shaped face, and have a distinct shoulder hump. Grizzly bears generally live in rural and remote areas of B.C. and thrive in undisturbed habitats. [caption id="attachment_2155" align="aligncenter" width="825"]

Wild grizzly bear family mother with cubs walking along the water near a forest

Grizzly bear with three cubs. Photo credit: Cailey Hesse[/caption]

Question 57

What do you do if you see a cougar?

Erin Ryan · Accepted Answer

Cougars are found throughout much of B.C. and are also known as mountain lions or pumas. Cougars are generally very secretive and rarely seen. However, cougars may occasionally pass through urban settings, or when young cougars leave their parents, they start looking for their own sources of food and places to live. Sometimes they end up in urban areas, parks or hiking trails.

Prevent problems with cougars

If you know cougars are active in your area, follow these tips to keep pets safe:

Before letting dogs into your yard, turn on the lights and make some noise - check to make sure there aren't any unexpected animals in your yard
Keep dogs on leash and stick to well-lit areas when walking dogs at night - avoid dark, forested wildlife areas after sunset
Keep cats indoors, or in secure outdoor enclosures - at minimum, make sure cats come in at night

What to do if you see a cougar

Although they are skilled predators, cougar attacks are rare. However, if you see a cougar in the wild or in the city, stay calm and follow these steps:

Make yourself look big - stand tall, raise your arms and spread your legs
Maintain eye contact and don't turn your head - stay focused on the cougar
Make loud noises - yell, clap your hands, use a bear bell, or bang things together
Don't leave until the cougar leaves - be sure the cougar has moved on before you leave

If you have small children or a dog, pick them up or keep them close in front of you. This may feel counter intuitive, but this way you can maintain control and face the cougar. A child or dog behind you may try to run away or divert your attention from the cougar. Act like you are bigger and stronger than the cougar so they will see you as a threat. Photo credit: Gary Schroyen

Question 58

What if a duck or goose is nesting near my pool?

Anna Tilley · Accepted Answer

Ducks sit on their nest for three to four weeks before the babies hatch. To prevent the babies from hopping into the pool, cover the pool a few days before you expect the babies will hatch. The babies are small and don't have waterproof feathers, so they can get hypothermia or drown if left in the water. If a baby duck or goose ends up in your pool:

Toss floating objects, like flutterboards, in the pool immediately to give babies temporary resting places
Make a ramp using foam pool floats, patio chair cushions, or a wooden plank. You can use an empty pop bottle tied to the underside to help it float
Use a pool skimmer to herd babies towards ramps, but don't chase them. Chasing causes more stress and will exhaust the babies
Open the gates to the pool area so the family can move out and find a better water source

If you need further advice on a nesting duck or goose family, call our Animal Helpline at 1-855-622-7722. A Duck family

Question 59

​What's the difference between crows and ravens?

Anna Tilley · Accepted Answer

Crows and ravens can be hard to tell apart, especially from far away. Crows are smaller than ravens - they have a wingspan of about 92 cm, compared to a raven's 117 cm. [caption id="attachment_3746" align="aligncenter" width="1570"]

Northwestern Crow[/caption] Crows Smaller, straight beak Fan-shaped tail Characteristic "caw" ~92 cm wingspan [caption id="attachment_3747" align="aligncenter" width="1650"]

Young Common Raven[/caption] Ravens Large, thick, rounded beak Diamond-shaped tail Deeper "croak" ~117 cm wingspan

Question 60

​​What's the difference between exotic and wild animals?

Anna Tilley · Accepted Answer

Exotic animals are wild animals from other countries, but wild animals are indigenous to Canada. Exotic animals can be captured from the wild or bred in captivity. Exotic animals are often sold in the international pet trade. The BC SPCA does not support keeping wild or exotic animals as pets, due to their unique physical and emotional needs. These animals often suffer in care because of their specialized needs. Under provincial law, it is illegal to keep certain wildlife and certain dangerous exotic animals like tigers, primates or crocodiles, as they are designated as Controlled Alien Species. Many cities also have exotic animal bylaws that make it illegal to keep some or all exotic pets. Check with your local municipality for a list of banned exotic animals. Read more about exotic pets.

Question 61

What's the difference between wild cottontail rabbits and domestic (feral) rabbits?

Erin Ryan · Accepted Answer

Just because you see a rabbit in the wild doesn't mean they're a “wild” rabbit. Free-living populations of domestic (feral) rabbits exist in urban areas -- these rabbits are often abandoned pets or their offspring. The BC SPCA is opposed to the abandonment of pet rabbits and it is also illegal under the BC Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act. Rabbit hemorrhagic disease (RHD) has been found in feral rabbits on Vancouver Island and in the Lower Mainland - learn more about RHD.

How can I tell them apart?

Eastern cottontails are a wild species, with brown bodies and short, fluffy white tails. Cottontail rabbits are small (~1 kg) animals, with small ears and lean legs and bodies. [caption id="attachment_26082" align="alignnone" width="1650"]

Eastern cottontail, photo by Arsalan Butt[/caption] Domestic feral rabbits can be a variety of colours like black, tan, grey, white or spotted, and can look like Eastern cottontails at first glance - like this rabbit found living outdoors: [caption id="" align="alignnone" width="1650"]

Pet rabbit surrendered to an animal centre[/caption] Feral rabbits are generally larger (1 - 2.5 kg), with big wide floppy ears and a more boxy face. Can you spot these differences in the photos above? Both types of rabbits are attracted to sheltered, landscaped yards with dense shrub or undergrowth. Eastern cottontails don't dig burrows, instead nesting in shallow depressions in grassy areas. Feral rabbits do burrow, and have a reputation for damaging lawns and gardens. For help addressing problems with feral rabbits, read our best practice sheet on rabbits. Wild rabbits are normally solitary animals, usually seen on their own. Feral rabbits are social animals and may be seen in small groups. Don't judge a rabbit by their behaviour - domestic feral rabbits that aren't used to people can be very fearful, and wild rabbits may be approachable if they're sick or injured. In general, rabbits living in the wild are highly susceptible to stress - trying to capture or restrain them may cause death, a condition known as capture myopathy.

I found a baby rabbit

Baby rabbits found alone don't always need help - it's normal for a mother rabbit to leave her babies hidden in the nest for long periods of time. The mothers will come back only a few times a day to feed the babies, who wait quietly while hiding from predators. If you're unsure if they need help, or the babies (and any adults) are obviously injured (e.g., bleeding, broken limbs), check our webpage for more information or call the BC SPCA Animal Helpline for advice at 1-855-622-7722. [caption id="" align="alignnone" width="1650"]

Eastern cottontail baby, photo by Norm Shulz[/caption]

Question 62

​Can I have a pet fox?

Anna Tilley · Accepted Answer

It is illegal to keep wild foxes as pets in B.C. under the BC Wildlife Act. Exotic foxes like Fennec Foxes are also not allowed as pets under Controlled Alien Species Regulations. The BC SPCA does not support keeping wild or exotic animals as pets, due to their unique physical and emotional needs. These animals often suffer in care because of their specialized needs. Read more about the BC Government's Controlled Alien Species Regulations. [caption id="attachment_10800" align="aligncenter" width="825"]

Photo credit: Jeremy Leete[/caption]

Question 63

​Can I have a wild or exotic animal as a pet?

Anna Tilley · Accepted Answer

Under provincial and federal law, it is illegal to keep a wild animal, as designated under the BC Wildlife Act, as a pet. Very rarely, the provincial government issues permits for the personal possession of wild animals. The BC SPCA does not support keeping wild or exotic animals as pets due to their unique physical and emotional needs. Both types of animals - those found wild in Canada and those exotic in Canada but wild to other countries - will suffer in care because of their specialized needs. Under provincial law, it is illegal to keep certain dangerous exotic animals like tigers, primates or crocodiles as pets. Many cities also have exotic animal bylaws that make it illegal to keep some or all exotic pets. Check with your local municipality for a list of banned exotic animals. Read more about exotic animals and the law. If you are concerned about someone owning a wild or exotic animal illegally, please contact the Conservation Officer 24-hour RAPP line at 1-877-952-7277.

Question 64

​Can I have a wolf-dog hybrid?

Anna Tilley · Accepted Answer

It is illegal to keep or sell a wolf as a pet in B.C. Some dogs are sold as "wolf-dog hybrids" for thousands of dollars, but they are really just dogs and have little to no wild wolf in them. Genetic testing is available to confirm hybrid status, however the animals' behaviour is often used to assess their "wildness." The BC SPCA is opposed to keeping, breeding and importing wolf-dog hybrids as pets. Cross-breeding a wolf and dog counteracts 12,000 years of domestication. These animals are difficult to train and contain, develop stereotypies in captivity, and often show aggression toward other animals and humans. They need a high level of care that is difficult to achieve and do not make good pets. Wolf-dogs already in captivity should be sent to accredited sanctuaries and never used for public attractions as roadside zoos or "walks with wolves".

Photo by John E. Marriott

Animal Helpline: 1-855-622-7722

Animal Helpline:

1-855-622-7722

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